The etiology of fragmentary blackouts: Memory processes and neural activations

片断性停电的病因学：记忆过程和神经激活

• 批准号: 7614375
• 负责人: Reagan R Wetherill
• 金额: $ 3.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7614375
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Amnesia; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Cues; Etiology; Event; Family history of; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Imaging technology; Impairment; Individual; Mediating; Memory; Memory impairment; Methods; Neurocognitive; Participant; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Retrieval; Sampling; Severities; Short-Term Memory; Source; Structure; Testing; Time; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; base; experience; inclusion criteria; meetings; memory process; relating to nervous system; sobriety; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current proposal will examine the differences in individuals who have and have not experienced an alcohol-induced blackout by assessing memory processes when sober and intoxicated, and more importantly, explore the differences in neural activations associated with memory processes when sober and intoxicated. Previous research indicates that certain individuals may be more vulnerable to alcohol-induced blackouts than others (Baer et al., 2003; Hartzler & Fromme, 2003), and after alcohol exposure, individuals who have experienced an alcohol-induced blackout show greater memory impairments than those who have not experienced alcohol-induced blackouts. To examine this phenomenon and to better understand alcohol's effects on the brain, the proposed research uses a variety of methods, including standardized alcohol administrations and fMRI to make between-subjects comparisons, (i.e. blackout history positive versus blackout history negative) and within-subject comparisons (e.g. sober versus intoxicated performance and neural activations). As a replication and extension of preliminary findings, Study 1 will use participants from a NIAAA-funded study to assess memory performance before and after an alcohol administration (i.e., alcohol vs. no alcohol). Based on the findings from Study 1, Study 2 will use a source memory task and a standardized alcohol administration with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, Study 2 will (a) evaluate the effect of a standardized alcohol administration on behavioral performance and neural activation during source memory tasks; (b) examine the influence of alcohol-induced blackouts on the neural activity associated with both encoding and retrieval; (c) evaluate prefrontally mediated strategic memory processes (i.e., source memory) to see whether alcohol impairments are more severe in individuals with a history of alcohol-induced blackouts. The proposed research is relevant to public health because college students use alcohol more than any other drug and appear to be particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use. Furthermore, research is limited on alcohol-induced blackouts, and the proposed research will provide a better understanding of mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced blackouts and changes in brain function as a result of acute alcohol exposure using imaging technology and a standardized alcohol administrations.

描述（由申请人提供）：目前的提案将通过评估清醒和醉酒时的记忆过程来检查经历过和没有经历过酒精诱导的昏厥的个体的差异，更重要的是，探索清醒和醉酒时与记忆过程相关的神经激活的差异。先前的研究表明，某些人可能比其他人更容易受到酒精诱导的停电的影响（Baer等人，二○ ○三年; Hartzler & Fromme，2003），在酒精暴露后，经历过酒精诱导的停电的人比那些没有经历过酒精诱导的停电的人表现出更大的记忆障碍。为了研究这种现象并更好地了解酒精对大脑的影响，拟议的研究使用了多种方法，包括标准化的酒精管理和功能磁共振成像，以进行受试者之间的比较（即停电历史积极与停电历史消极）和受试者内的比较（例如清醒与醉酒表现和神经激活）。作为初步研究结果的复制和扩展，研究1将使用来自NIAAA资助的研究的参与者来评估饮酒前后的记忆表现（即，酒精与无酒精）。基于研究1的发现，研究2将使用源记忆任务和标准化酒精管理与功能磁共振成像。具体而言，研究2将（a）评估标准化酒精施用对源记忆任务期间的行为表现和神经激活的影响;（B）检查酒精诱导的停电对与编码和提取两者相关的神经活动的影响;（c）评估前额叶介导的策略记忆过程（即，源记忆），看看酒精损伤是否更严重的个人与历史的酒精诱导停电。这项拟议中的研究与公共卫生有关，因为大学生使用酒精比任何其他药物都多，而且似乎特别容易受到与酒精使用相关的负面影响。此外，研究是有限的酒精引起的停电，拟议的研究将提供一个更好地了解酒精引起的停电和大脑功能的变化，由于急性酒精暴露使用成像技术和标准化的酒精管理机制。