BRAIN IMAGING ALCOHOL ABUSE, INHIBITION AND SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR IN BLACK WOMEN

黑人女性酒精滥用、抑制和性风险行为的脑成像

• 批准号: 7724722
• 负责人: MITCHELL Hunter PARKS
• 金额: $ 19.6万
• 依托单位: MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7724722
• 关键词: African American; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Area; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Coitus; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Discrimination; Exhibits; Exposure to; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Gender; Grant; HIV; Image; Individual; Institution; Literature; Magnetism; Mediating; Motor Activity; Pathway interactions; Patients; Physiological; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Satiation; Sexuality; Signs and Symptoms; Source; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Substance of Abuse; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual; Woman; addiction; alcohol exposure; alcohol use disorder; base; health disparity; peer; pre-clinical; skills

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Dr. Parks proposes to use functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) to investigate decision-making ability of young African American women in whom sexual and alcohol use behaviors put them at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Preclinical imaging studies have demonstrated that dopaminergic (DA) brain centers activate in addicted patients upon exposure to visual cues associated with their substances of abuse. These cortical and limbic centers may also mediate reward-seeking and satiety associated with addiction, processes that are disrupted in alcohol-dependent individuals, for example. Dr. Parks's preliminary fMRI data in chronic alcohol-dependent patients demonstrates their difficulty in cognitively inhibiting task-irrelevant stimuli, and activated areas in this decision-making task implicate brain regions overlapping with those involved with cued exposure to alcohol-related stimuli. Epidemiologically, young African-American women represent a clinical health disparity as they exhibit alcohol use disorder (AUD) signs and symptoms at a greater frequency than their gender- and ethnic-diverse peers. As well, this same demographic also displays markedly increased risk for HIV acquisition through unprotected sexual intercourse. Though no studies in the literature have demonstrated the psycho-pathophysiologic bases for either disparity, one potential explanation for both may be that these individuals exhibit poor decision-making skills when confronted with irrelevant stimuli that disrupt cognitive discrimination. Though DA-related pathways, substance abuse may stimulate the urge to engage in continued alcohol use as well as risky sexuality because the physiological reward pathways for both are probably similar. Further, stimulation caused by urges might also prime motor activity brain centers to initiate pathological behavior. Dr. Parks' hypothesis is that young, at-risk AUD African-American women who admit to histories of sexual risk taking will demonstrate poor decision-making when cognitive inhibition is required, and fMRI during these tasks will demonstrate relatively increased activation in DA brain regions because these areas drive both reward-seeking and reward-satiation.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 Parks 博士建议使用功能性磁成像 (fMRI) 来调查年轻非洲裔美国女性的决策能力，这些女性的性行为和饮酒行为使她们面临感染人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的风险。 临床前成像研究表明，成瘾患者的多巴胺能（DA）大脑中枢在暴露于与其滥用物质相关的视觉线索时会激活。 这些皮质和边缘中心还可能介导与成瘾相关的奖励寻求和饱足感，例如，酒精依赖者的过程会受到干扰。 帕克斯博士对慢性酒精依赖患者的初步功能磁共振成像数据表明，他们在认知上抑制与任务无关的刺激方面存在困难，并且在这项决策任务中激活的区域暗示大脑区域与那些涉及酒精相关刺激提示的区域重叠。 从流行病学角度来看，年轻的非裔美国女性存在临床健康差异，因为她们比不同性别和种族的同龄人更频繁地表现出酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 体征和症状。 此外，这一人群还表现出通过无保护的性交感染艾滋病毒的风险显着增加。 尽管文献中没有研究证明这两种差异的心理病理生理学基础，但对这两种差异的一个潜在解释可能是，这些人在面对破坏认知歧视的不相关刺激时表现出较差的决策能力。 尽管与 DA 相关的途径不同，但药物滥用可能会刺激持续饮酒和危险性行为的冲动，因为两者的生理奖励途径可能相似。 此外，由冲动引起的刺激也可能促使大脑运动活动中心引发病理行为。 Parks 博士的假设是，承认性冒险历史的年轻、高危 AUD 非洲裔美国女性在需要认知抑制时会表现出糟糕的决策，而在这些任务期间的功能磁共振成像将显示 DA 大脑区域的激活相对增加，因为这些区域同时驱动奖励寻求和奖励满足。