SENSORY INTEGRATION AND WORKING MEMORY

感觉统合和工作记忆

• 批准号: 7716377
• 负责人: MICHAEL NEIL SHADLEN
• 金额: $ 15.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7716377
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Behavior; Brain; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Data; Decision Making; Esthesia; Funding; Future; Gold; Grant; Institution; Macaca; Mental disorders; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Paper; Parietal Lobe; Perception; Play; Probability; Process; Publishing; Purpose; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Source; Stream; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual Cortex; Yang; association cortex; insight; neuromechanism; pressure; research study; sensory cortex; sensory integration

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We proposed experiments that test hypotheses about the neural mechanisms that underlie the brain's ability to make decisions. Our experiments address the mechanism used by the brain to convert sensory information represented by neurons in the visual cortex to a decision about what this information means for purposes of planning behavior. We showed that neurons in the association cortex of the macaque represent the accumulation of this evidence for one choice and against an alternative. This year, we demonstrated that the neurons we have been studying in the parietal lobe play a causal role in the decision process (Hanks et al, 2006). We also discovered that these neurons perform a type of arithmetic that ressembles the addition and subtraction of lograrithms of probabilities  the very mathematical operation that a statistician would perform on a stream of data in order to make a decision (Yang and Shadlen, 2007). We have also extended our understanding of the mechanism to decisions under different time pressures and among more than 2 options (Kiani et al, in review at J. Neurosci; Churchland et al, in review at Nat Neurosci). Several theoretical papers and an important review paper were published this year (Gold and Shadlen, 2007; Shadlen et al, in press; Wong et al, 2007). Decision-making bridges the gap between sensation and behavior. Nearly all non-reflexive behaviors require the brain to draw upon its sensory cortex to guide future behavior. Thus, the neural mechanisms for the simple decisions we study are likely to lend insight into more complex cognitive strategies. Our experiments ultimately furnish new insights into the causes and treatments of mental disorders affecting perception, planning and reasoning.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 我们提出了一些实验，以测试有关大脑决策能力所依据的神经机制的假设。我们的实验解决了大脑使用的机制，将视觉皮质神经元代表的感觉信息转换为关于这些信息对规划行为的意义的决定。我们表明，猕猴大脑皮质中的神经元代表了这种证据的积累，支持一种选择，反对另一种选择。今年，我们证明了我们一直在研究的顶叶神经元在决策过程中起着因果作用(Hanks等人，2006年)。我们还发现，这些神经元执行一种算术，对概率的对数加减进行重新组合，这是统计学家为了做出决定而对数据流进行的非常数学的操作(Yang和Shadlen，2007)。我们还将我们对这一机制的理解扩展到不同时间压力下的决策和两种以上的选择(Kiani等人，在J.Neurosci的审查中；Churchland等人，在NAT Neurosci的审查中)。今年发表了几篇理论论文和一篇重要的评论论文(Gold and Shadlen，2007；Shadlen等人，正在出版；Wong等人，2007)。 决策是感觉和行为之间的桥梁。几乎所有的非反射性行为都需要大脑利用其感觉皮质来指导未来的行为。因此，我们研究的简单决定的神经机制可能会让我们对更复杂的认知策略有更深入的了解。我们的实验最终为影响感知、计划和推理的精神障碍的原因和治疗提供了新的见解。