Computational and circuit mechanisms of decision making

决策的计算和电路机制

• 批准号: 9976608
• 负责人: MICHAEL NEIL SHADLEN
• 金额: $ 43.21万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9976608
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Awareness; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Diseases; Buffers; Cognition; Color; Complex; Decision Making; Dependence; Discrimination; Esthesia; Eye; Eye Movements; Future; Hand; Human; Individuation; Inherited; Intention; Intervention; Knowledge; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Neurobiology; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psyche structure; Reporting; Research; Role; Saccades; Sensory; Services; Source; Speed; Stream; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Transcend; Ursidae Family; Vision; Visual Cortex; arm movement; association cortex; cognitive control; cognitive function; flexibility; gaze; lateral intraparietal area; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; oculomotor; operation; parallel processing; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; tool; visual processing

Abstract The neurobiology of perceptual decision-making elucidates fundamental neural mechanisms of higher cognitive function, the understanding of which will inspire new strategies to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases affecting thought, perception and awareness. The inquiry focuses on processes that intervene between the acquisition of sensory evidence and commitment to a proposition, behavioral choice, or plan. Progress was facilitated by the discovery of persistent neural activity in prefrontal and parietal association cortex of the monkey. By requiring a monkey to communicate its decision with an eye movement, the decision process is observable as an evolving neural commitment to one action or another. Much is now understood about the neural mechanisms that underlie the accumulation of evidence, the tradeoff between speed and accuracy, the assessment of confidence in a decision, and the incorporation of bias. However, it is unknown how these mechanisms can apply to more complex decisions that are not construed as a dedicated chain from a single source of evidence to action selection. A critical limitation to progress is a gap in knowledge about the flow of information between circuits when the path from evidence to action is indirect and flexibly controlled. The current proposal addresses this problem by developing new behavioral tasks in which the path from sensation to decision to action is diverted or elaborated, and it exploits emerging tools to measure and manipulate neural activity in order to characterize interactions between populations of neurons in the service parallel, serial and multiplexed computations. Aim 1 elucidates context-dependent interactions between two parietal areas that mediate decisions communicated by an eye or arm movement. Simultaneous multichannel neural recording from the medial and lateral intraparietal areas will expose patterns of serial inheritance or parallel processing of evidence, the decision and termination. Aim 2 elucidates the dynamical changes in the representation of a decision when the decision to action mapping changes during the decision itself. Neural recordings are obtained from the parietal cortex of monkeys during a perceptual decision that is suspended by an intervening eye movement task. If successful, Aim 2 will forge a connection between the stability of vision across changes of gaze and the integrity of a decision across changes of intention. Aim 3 investigates a processing bottleneck that arises when two streams of evidence support two distinct decisions about a single object, that is, a double decision. Behavioral evidence from humans and monkeys indicates that sensory evidence can be acquired in parallel, but is incorporated sequentially into the double-decision. Aim 3 thus promises to elucidate the neural mechanisms of this serial incorporation and thus begin to explain why mental operations take the time they do. Together the proposed research will open new areas of computational and mechanistic interrogation of circuit interactions in the service of decision-making and cognitive control.

摘要 知觉决策的神经生物学阐明了高级认知决策的基本神经机制， 功能，了解这一点将激发治疗神经和精神疾病的新策略 影响思想感知和意识调查的重点是干预之间的过程， 获得感官证据并承诺一个提议，行为选择或计划。进展 在猴子的前额叶和顶叶联合皮层中发现了持续的神经活动。 通过要求猴子用眼球运动来传达它的决定，决策过程是可观察的 作为对一个或另一个行动的不断发展的神经承诺。现在我们对神经系统的 证据积累的基础机制，速度和准确性之间的权衡， 评估决策的可信度，并纳入偏见。然而，目前尚不清楚这些 机制可以应用于更复杂的决策，这些决策不被解释为来自单个 从证据来源到行动选择。限制进展的一个关键因素是对信息流动的了解存在差距。 当从证据到行动的路径是间接和灵活控制时，电路之间的信息。当前 一项提案通过开发新的行为任务来解决这个问题，在这些任务中， 它利用新兴的工具来测量和操纵神经活动， 为了表征并行、串行和多路复用服务中神经元群体之间的相互作用， 计算。目标1阐明介导的两个顶叶区域之间依赖于背景的相互作用 通过眼睛或手臂运动传达的决定。同步多通道神经记录 内侧和外侧顶内区域将暴露连续遗传或平行处理证据的模式， 决定和终止。目标2阐明了决策表示的动态变化， 决策到动作映射在决策本身期间改变。神经记录是从 猴子的顶叶皮层在知觉决定期间，被干预的眼球运动任务暂停。 如果成功的话，目标2将在视线变化时的视觉稳定性和视觉的完整性之间建立联系。 在意图改变的情况下做出决定。目标3研究了当两个 证据流支持关于单个对象的两个不同的决定，即双重决定。行为 来自人类和猴子的证据表明，感官证据可以同时获得，但 按顺序纳入双重决定。因此，目标3有望阐明 这种连续的结合，从而开始解释为什么心理运作需要时间。一起 拟议的研究将开辟电路相互作用的计算和机械询问的新领域， 决策和认知控制的服务。