From Pavilions to Skyscrapers: A History of Healthy Hospital Design in New York C

描述(由申请人提供)： 这项拨款提案寻求资金，以完成一本名为《通往摩天大楼的展馆：健康医院设计史》的书稿。这本书将是第一本将美国医院的建筑和医学史结合在一起的书，并将揭示人们对医院设计影响患者健康的理解发生了根本性的转变。在19世纪和20世纪之间，纽约市的“理想”医院建筑从旨在最小化特定疾病的内部传播的自我净化环境转变为促进高效、协作和日益“科学”的医疗的功能空间布局。这一转变的有形信号是从向展馆方向(低层、分散、郊区)到摩天大楼(高层、集中式、城市)医院建设的转变；这种转变的无形信号是从围绕运动和光和空气的弥漫固定而设计的建筑转向围绕成熟的细菌理论驱动的关注人和物品的运动和“纯净”的建筑。这一转变正在进行中，与现代医院的设计和实践相关，并因此与与医院护理息息相关的公共卫生有关。他的书将为医院设计的长期问题提供历史视角。这本书将由9章组成。每一章都将考察全市的医院发展，但也将重点介绍一到两家在给定时间段内的“模范”医院。每一章将讨论医院建筑决策的三个尺度：选址、建筑布局和病房设计。这本书还将评估纽约市的经验在多大程度上与其他美国城市的经验相匹配，并讨论设计一家健康的医院所必需的专业知识(建筑和医疗)的变化性质。这本书的研究主要来自一手资料，包括医院年报、专业期刊、报纸、医院设计论文和个别医院的档案记录，包括会议纪要、委员会报告、照片、图纸和内部通信。这项研究已经基本完成，但仍需要对纽约市的几家图书馆、历史收藏品和医院档案进行短暂的访问。PI.要求从2008年7月1日到2009年12月31日18个月的资金，其中包括前往纽约市完成档案研究的两周旅费和工资补偿，以便让研究人员有必要的时间完成手稿。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This grant proposal seeks funding to complete a book manuscript titled "Pavilions to Skyscrapers: A History of Healthy Hospital Design." This book will be the first to integrate the architectural and medical history of American hospitals and will reveal a fundamental shift in how the design of hospitals was understood to affect the healthiness of its patients. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in New York City, 'ideal' hospital architecture shifted from a self-purifying environment intended to minimize the internal spread of specific diseases to a functional spatial layout that promoted efficient, collaborative, and increasingly 'scientific' medical treatment. The visible signal of this shift was the switch from pavilion-ward (low-rise, decentralized, suburban) to skyscraper (high-rise, centralized, urban) hospital construction; the invisible signal of this shift was the switch from an architecture designed around the miasmatic fixation on the movement and 'purity' of light and air to one designed around the mature germ-theory driven focus on the movement and 'purity' of people and goods. This shift is ongoing and of relevance to modern hospital design and practice, and consequently to public health which is integrally linked to hospital care. T his book will provide historical perspective to persistent issues of hospital design. The book will consist of 9 chapters. Each chapter will examine hospital development across the city, but will also focus on one or two 'model' hospitals for a given time period. Each chapter will discuss three scales of hospital architecture decisions: site choice, building layout, and ward design. The book will also assess the extent to which New York City's experiences matched experiences in other American cities and discuss the changing nature of expertise (architectural and medical) thought necessary to design a healthy hospital. The research for this book is largely in primary sources, including hospital annual reports, professional periodicals, newspapers, treatises on hospital design, and archival records of individual hospitals which include meeting minutes, committee reports, photos, drawings, and internal correspondence. The research is substantially complete, but still requires brief visits to several New York City libraries, historical collections, and hospital archives. The P. I. is asking for 18 months of funding, from July 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009, including two weeks of travel expenses to New York City to complete the archival research and salary compensation to allow the researcher the time necessary to complete the manuscript.