Component 5: Research

第五部分：研究

• 批准号: 7497350
• 负责人: MELINA BERSAMIN
• 金额: $ 26.83万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-28 至 2012-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7497350
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Behavior; Belief; Beverages; California; Characteristics; Cities; Communities; County; Data; Development; Doctor of Philosophy; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Expectancy; Gender; Goals; Institutes; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Measures; Mediating; Minor; Modeling; Municipalities; Numbers; Policies; Population Density; Prevention; Prevention approach; Problem behavior; Procedures; Process; Purpose; Research; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Services; Source; Surveys; Telephone; Time; Training; Variant; Youth; age effect; alcohol availability; alcohol related problem; base; behavior change; cost; density; design; drinking; drinking behavior; environmental intervention; ethnic difference; high risk drinking; prevent; social; tool; underage drinking

Policy and enforcement approaches are often advocated as best practices to reduce underage drinking. Research indicates that there is considerable variability in alcohol policy and enforcement at the state and local level, but few studies have examined whether variations in local policies and enforcement activities are related to differences in alcohol use and related problems among young people. Apparently no studies have nvestigated whether local alcohol policies and/or enforcement activities influence initiation to drinking or drinking trajectories. Very little is known about the mediating mechanisms (e.g., sources of alcohol, perceived availability, perceived enforcement, perceived norms) through which environmental interventions may affect youth alcohol use. Additionally, no studies have investigated the extent to which local alcohol policies may interact with background and personal characteristics of young people (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity) and levels of enforcement. Such moderating effects may be important for understanding how local policies influence youth access to alcohol and underage drinking. To address these questions, the proposed study will use annual assessments of local regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities based on archival and key informant survey data. Adolescents' drinking beliefs, behaviors, and problems will be measured using annual telephone surveys in the same cities. The specific aims of the study are to (1) describe and quantify local alcohol regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities in a sample of 50 California cities and document changes in these policies over time; (2) determine whether local regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities are associated with differences in underage drinking and drinking problems and changes in drinking behaviors and problems over time; (3) investigate whether differences in local alcohol policies and enforcement are related to potentially important intermediate factors (e.g., sources of alcohol, perceived availability, perceived enforcement, alcohol expectancies, perceived norms) and to changes in these factors over time; (4) investigate the extent to which relationships of policies with drinking behaviors, and changes in drinking behaviors and problems, are mediated through these intermediate factors; and (5) investigate whether age, gender, and ethnic differences moderate the relationships between local regulatory policies, practices and enforcement activities and drinking beliefs and behaviors, and changes in these beliefs and behaviors, over time. A secondary aim of the study is to explore community characteristics (e.g., availability of resources, disorganization, ethnic diversity, presence of coalitions) that may be related to the adoption of more comprehensive policies. This study will help to identify effective policy practices at the local level for reducing underage drinking and alcohol-related problems. The ultimate goal of this research to identify effective policy and enforcement practices that can be used at the local level for preventing and reducing underage drinking and drinking problems.

政策和执法方法往往被提倡为减少未成年人饮酒的最佳做法。 研究表明，该州的酒精政策和执法存在相当大的差异， 地方一级，但很少有研究审查地方政策和执法活动的变化是否 与青年人饮酒和相关问题的差异有关。显然没有研究表明 调查当地的酒精政策和/或执法活动是否会影响饮酒的开始， 喝酒的轨迹对中介机制知之甚少（例如，酒精的来源， 感知的可用性，感知的执行，感知的规范）， 可能影响青少年饮酒。此外，还没有研究调查当地酒精含量 政策可以与年轻人的背景和个人特征相互作用（例如，年龄，性别， （三）执行力度和水平。这种调节效应对于理解当地的 政策影响青年获得酒精和未成年人饮酒。为了解决这些问题，建议 该研究将利用对当地监管政策、实践和执法活动的年度评估， 档案和关键线人调查数据。青少年的饮酒信念、行为和问题将被 通过在同一城市进行的年度电话调查来衡量。本研究的具体目标是：（1） 描述和量化当地的酒精监管政策，实践和执法活动的样本， 50个加州城市，并记录这些政策随时间的变化;（2）确定当地监管机构是否 政策、实践和执法活动与未成年人饮酒的差异有关， 饮酒问题以及饮酒行为和问题随时间的变化;（3）调查是否 地方酒精政策和执法的差异与潜在的重要中间因素有关 (e.g.,酒精来源，感知可用性，感知执行，酒精期望，感知 规范）和这些因素随时间的变化;（4）调查政策关系的程度 与饮酒行为的关系，以及饮酒行为和问题的变化，都是通过这些因素来调节的。 中间因素;（5）调查年龄，性别和种族差异是否会调节 当地监管政策、实践和执法活动与饮酒观念之间的关系， 行为，以及这些信念和行为的变化，随着时间的推移。这项研究的第二个目的是探索 社区特征（例如，资源的可获得性、无组织性、种族多样性、 这可能与采取更全面的政策有关。这项研究将有助于确定 地方一级减少未成年人饮酒和与酒精有关问题的有效政策做法。的 这项研究的最终目标是确定有效的政策和执法做法，可用于 地方一级预防和减少未成年人饮酒和饮酒问题。