Neurobiology of Speech Perception in Real-World Contexts

现实世界中言语感知的神经生物学

• 批准号: 7739771
• 负责人: Jeremy I Skipper
• 金额: $ 8.56万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7739771
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advanced Development; Area; Brain; Brain Part; Child; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Comprehension; Controlled Study; Development; Dimensions; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gestures; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Longevity; Manuals; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Motor Pathways; Movement; Neurobiology; Oral cavity; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Process; Relative (related person); Reliance; Research; Research Personnel; Semantics; Sensory; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Text; Training; Training Technics; Visual; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; career; cognitive neuroscience; design; expectation; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; patient population; programs; response; social; speech processing; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this application is to understand the neural mechanisms of language comprehension in real-world settings, and how the brain makes use of context to aid in communication. The overarching hypothesis is that there is no fixed part of the brain for processing speech; rather, communicative context determines the organization of the brain's response to language. Aim 1 uses naturalistic stimuli to explore how functional organization changes over development as a result of changes in the relative salience of particular stimulus dimensions. Aims 2 and 3 use a combination of naturalistic and controlled stimuli to explore moment-to-moment changes in this organization in response to communicative context established by co-speech gestures (Aim 2) and discourse (Aim 3). The training goals for the mentored phase are the development of advanced techniques for the analysis and interpretation of neuroimaging (fMRI and EEG) studies approximating real-world communication, the acquisition of new techniques, and training in developmental cognitive neuroscience. These will be extended into the independent phase, laying the foundation for a broader, generative program of research and establishing an independent career path investigating how the brain makes use of these and other forms of context in real-world settings throughout the lifespan. RELEVANCE: This research has the potential for broad impact because it addresses how networks of brain areas interact under conditions that approximate real-world communication. As such, it introduces novel methods to the study of the neurobiology of speech perception that will have translational benefits for studies involving developmental and patient populations that may have difficulty participating in more controlled studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：该应用程序的长期目标是了解现实世界中语言理解的神经机制，以及大脑如何利用上下文来帮助沟通。最重要的假设是，大脑中没有固定的部分来处理语音；而是没有固定的部分。相反，交际环境决定了大脑对语言反应的组织。目标 1 使用自然刺激来探索功能组织在发展过程中如何因特定刺激维度的相对显着性变化而发生变化。目标 2 和 3 结合使用自然刺激和受控刺激来探索该组织中每时每刻的变化，以响应由共同言语手势（目标 2）和话语（目标 3）建立的交流环境。 The training goals for the mentored phase are the development of advanced techniques for the analysis and interpretation of neuroimaging (fMRI and EEG) studies approximating real-world communication, the acquisition of new techniques, and training in developmental cognitive neuroscience.这些将扩展到独立阶段，为更广泛的生成性研究计划奠定基础，并建立独立的职业道路，研究大脑在整个生命周期中如何在现实世界环境中利用这些和其他形式的背景。 相关性：这项研究具有广泛影响的潜力，因为它解决了大脑区域网络在接近现实世界通信的条件下如何相互作用。因此，它为言语感知的神经生物学研究引入了新方法，这将为涉及可能难以参与更多对照研究的发育群体和患者群体的研究带来转化益处。