Dietary Factors and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Pooled Analysis

描述（由申请人提供）：胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）以及维生素D被假设与胰腺癌风险相关。高水平的胰岛素和IGF-1可以刺激细胞分裂，促进肿瘤发展和增加局部血流量，而高水平的维生素D可以减少增殖，血管生成和侵袭，并增加分化和凋亡。饮食因素，如含糖饮料和乳制品，可能会改变这些激素的水平，从而最终影响癌症风险。很少有研究，特别是那些使用前瞻性设计的研究，研究了这些饮食因素（如软饮料，乳制品，维生素D）和胰腺癌风险之间的关联;结果是异质的。在本申请中，我们将检查与胰岛素和IGF-1相关的饮食因素之间的关联（例如，含糖饮料）和维生素D（乳制品，维生素D，钙）和胰腺癌的风险。我们将进一步研究肥胖、体育活动和吸烟状况是否改变了这些饮食因素与胰腺癌风险之间的关联。这些目标将在饮食与癌症前瞻性研究汇总项目（汇总项目）的14项研究中进行，这是一项国际队列研究联盟。汇集项目允许通过结合多项研究的数据，对胰腺癌等罕见癌症的饮食因素进行前瞻性评估。此外，汇集项目创建了一个环境，其中队列暴露，协变量和结局的定义和建模是标准化的，当文献中存在的差异可能是由于不同的参考组，截止值，暴露或结局定义跨研究时特别重要。汇集项目的胰腺癌数据集已经建立;这些队列提供了869，694人的饮食数据，其中2，187例胰腺癌病例在随访期间被确定。目前，我们有超过40种营养素的数据，每个FFQ上的食物，以及超过40种潜在的癌症风险因素。因此，汇集项目将提供一个机会，详细检查这些饮食因素与胰腺癌风险之间的关联与大量病例。在汇集项目中使用现有的数据集来检查这些目标，将大大扩展缺乏文献和前瞻性数据的情况下，这些协会使用成本和时间效率的方法。因此，这种分析可以提供深入了解胰腺癌的病因，并最终有助于预防这种高度致命的癌症。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Insulin and insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), and Vitamin D, have been hypothesized to be associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. High levels of insulin and IGF-1 may stimulate cell division, promote tumor development and increase local blood flow, while high levels of Vitamin D may reduce proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness, and increase differentiation and apoptosis. Dietary factors, such as sugar-sweetened beverages and dairy products, may modify the levels of these hormones and thus, ultimately impact cancer risk. Few studies, particularly those using a prospective design, have examined the association between these dietary factors (e.g. soft drinks, dairy products, vitamin D) and pancreatic cancer risk; results have been heterogeneous. In this application, we will examine associations between dietary factors related to insulin and IGF-1 (e.g., sugar sweetened beverages) and vitamin D (dairy products, vitamin D, calcium) and pancreatic cancer risk. We will further examine whether obesity, physical activity, and smoking status modify the association between these dietary factors and pancreatic cancer risk. These aims will be conducted within 14 studies in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (Pooling Project), an international consortium of cohort studies. The Pooling Project allows for prospective evaluation of dietary factors with rarer cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, by combining data from multiple studies. Also, the Pooling Project creates an environment where the definitions and modeling of the cohorts' exposures, covariates and outcomes are standardized, particularly important when discrepancies that are present in the literature may be due to different reference groups, cutoffs, exposure or outcome definitions across studies. The pancreatic cancer dataset for the Pooling Project has already been established; these cohorts provided dietary data from 869,694 individuals among whom 2,187 pancreatic cancer cases were identified during follow-up. Currently, we have data on over 40 nutrients, the foods on each FFQ, and over 40 potential cancer risk factors. Thus, the Pooling Project will provide an opportunity to examine in detail the associations between these dietary factors and pancreatic cancer risk with a large number of cases. Using this existing dataset in the Pooling Project to examine these aims will greatly expand on the dearth of literature and prospective data available on these associations using a cost- and time-efficient approach. Thus, this analysis may provide insight into the etiology of pancreatic cancer and ultimately aid in prevention of this highly fatal cancer.