Genetic, hormone, and family environmental influences on adolescent substance use

遗传、激素和家庭环境对青少年物质使用的影响

• 批准号: 8316576
• 负责人: Kristine Marceau
• 金额: $ 2.83万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8316576
• 关键词: 18 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Automobile Driving; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological; Cessation of life; Child; Child Behavior; Crime; Data; Development; Discipline; Effectiveness; Emotions; Endocrinology; Environment; Family; Family Process; Fellowship; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Goals; Grant; Health; Hormonal; Hormones; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Injury; Interdisciplinary Study; Joints; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; Literature; Manuscripts; Mediating; Modeling; Nature; Paper; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Preventive Intervention; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Ethics; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Sampling; Series; Siblings; Stress; Testing; Time; To specify; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; adolescent offspring; adolescent substance abuse; adolescent substance use; aged; career; design; economic cost; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; model development; novel; offspring; programs; sex; skills; social; substance use prevention; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the development of substance use problems is a vital health concern because of individual health and nationwide economic costs of dealing with substance use related injury, illness, death, crime, law enforcement, and lost productivity1. The research described in this application is designed to examine mechanisms of development of adolescent substance use, with the aim of identifying targets for prevention of substance use. Pathways by which genes, hormones, and family environments operate for the development of substance use are not fully understood, in part because studies have not considered each of these influences together in the same conceptual model. The central hypothesis driving my program of research is that parental negativity is a mechanism modifying the influence of genetic, hormonal, and behavioral risk for substance use problems during adolescence. Specifically, the proposed research will clarify (aim 1) whether the association between parental negativity and adolescent substance use arises because parents respond to adolescents' genetically influenced substance use in such a way that increases parental negativity, or if substance use arises because parents pass on genes and negative parenting, both influencing substance use, or through direct environmental influences. This research will also show (aim 2) whether parental negativity moderates the association between hormone reactivity and risk for substance use (externalizing psychopathology). Together, these studies combined with my previous research will clarify how parenting, hormone, and genetic risk are related in the development of substance use, and examine how parent-child relationships can modify biological influences on risk for substance use problems. Through findings in the research aims, I will refine a conceptual model considering the transactional, developmental nature of genetic, hormone, and family environmental influences on adolescent substance use. The product of this grant will be three manuscripts: two presenting findings from each research aim, and one presenting the refined conceptual model and supporting evidence. My career goal is to conduct interdisciplinary research with the aim to understand the development of substance use. This dissertation research is a first step toward my career goal. To better prepare myself for my career conducting longitudinal research that addresses gene-environment interplay and hormone functioning in the family context for the development of substance use, I am seeking additional training to 1) further develop skills at conceptualizing and understanding substance use as a phenotype, 2) strengthen my understanding of the role of behavioral endocrinology on risk for substance use during adolescence, and 3) fully integrate family environmental influences with genetic and hormone influences in the transactional developmental model of the development of adolescent substance use. Training in substance use, behavioral endocrinology, family processes, and research ethics are integral to completing the research aims, and preparing me for a career in which I am a NIH funded researcher investigating the development of adolescent substance use. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent substance use is a pervasive public health problem with lasting implications for later, costly substance use problems. This research aims to disentangle genetic, hormone, and family environmental influences on adolescent substance use with the goal of clarifying prevention and intervention targets.

描述（由申请人提供）：了解物质使用问题的发展是一个至关重要的健康问题，因为处理物质使用相关伤害，疾病，死亡，犯罪，执法和生产力损失的个人健康和全国经济成本。本申请中描述的研究旨在研究青少年物质使用的发展机制，目的是确定预防物质使用的目标。基因、激素和家庭环境对物质使用发展的作用途径尚未完全了解，部分原因是研究没有在同一概念模型中考虑这些影响。驱动我的研究计划的中心假设是，父母的消极是一种机制，它改变了青春期物质使用问题的遗传、激素和行为风险的影响。具体而言，拟议的研究将澄清（目标1）父母的消极性和青少年物质使用之间的关联是否出现，因为父母对青少年的遗传影响的物质使用的方式，增加父母的消极性，或者如果物质使用的出现，因为父母传递基因和消极的养育，都影响物质使用，或通过直接的环境影响。这项研究还将表明（目标2）父母的消极态度是否会调节激素反应性和物质使用风险之间的关联（外在精神病理学）。总之，这些研究与我以前的研究相结合，将阐明如何养育，激素和遗传风险在物质使用的发展相关，并研究亲子关系如何改变物质使用问题风险的生物影响。通过研究目标的发现，我将完善一个概念模型，考虑到交易，遗传，激素和家庭环境对青少年物质使用的影响的发展性质。这项资助的产品将是三份手稿：两份介绍每个研究目标的发现，一份介绍精炼的概念模型和支持证据。 我的职业目标是进行跨学科研究，旨在了解物质使用的发展。这篇论文的研究是我朝着职业目标迈出的第一步。为了更好地为我的职业生涯做好准备，进行纵向研究，解决基因-环境相互作用和激素在家庭环境中的作用，以促进物质使用的发展，我正在寻求额外的培训，以1）进一步发展概念化和理解物质使用作为一种表型的技能，2）加强我对行为内分泌学在青春期物质使用风险中的作用的理解，（3）在青少年物质使用发展的交互发展模型中，充分整合家庭环境影响、遗传和激素影响。在物质使用，行为内分泌学，家庭过程和研究道德的培训是不可或缺的完成研究目标，并准备我的职业生涯中，我是一个NIH资助的研究人员调查青少年物质使用的发展。 公共卫生相关性：青少年药物使用是一个普遍存在的公共卫生问题，对以后代价高昂的药物使用问题具有持久的影响。本研究旨在厘清遗传、激素及家庭环境对青少年物质使用的影响，以明确预防及干预目标。