Longitudinal effects of custody loss on drug use and crime of African American wo

失去监护权对非裔美国人吸毒和犯罪的纵向影响

• 批准号: 8369799
• 负责人: Kathi LH Harp
• 金额: $ 3.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8369799
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Ally; Characteristics; Child; Child Custody; Child Welfare; Communities; Crime; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Analyses; Dependence; Drug usage; Drug user; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Epidemic; Event; Expenditure; Family; Federal Government; Female; Foundations; Friends; Future; Goals; HIV; Health; Health Personnel; Health behavior; Home environment; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Knowledge; Literature; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Mediating; Minor; Minority; Mission; Mothers; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Perception; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Preventive Intervention; Prisoner; Prisons; Public Health; Race; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Self Concept; Services; Shapes; Social support; Source; State Government; Substance abuse problem; System; Time; Time Study; Woman; addiction; criminal behavior; drug abuser; experience; foster care; health disparity; improved; non-drug; offender; probation; probationer; programs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of the present study is to understand how custody loss is related to substance use and criminal behavior among African American women who are mothers across criminal offender status. While drug use is similar across racial groups in the US, African Americans disproportionately experience child welfare and criminal justice system involvement as a result of drug misuse. Very limited scientific data is available to help understand the effect of custody loss on a woman's subsequent substance use and crime. Prominent on NIDA's research agenda is the promotion of research addressing health disparities and vulnerabilities among minority populations. The proposed project addresses a facet of this mission by examining custody loss as a predictor of increased substance use and criminal behavior among African American women. Specifically, the main objectives of this project are to identify risk factors for custody loss in this population and to assess the substance use and criminal behavior-related outcomes of custody loss. Because children are a significant source of social support for mothers, the loss of such support is likely to increase dependence upon other sources of support such as family and friends. When this support is adequate, women may be less likely to increase their substance use and criminal behavior after losing custody. This study is significant because of its potential to identify differences in the substance use and criminal behavior outcomes of custody loss among African American women and uncover disparities among drug using and non-drug using women across three levels of criminal justice involvement (n=200 per group): prison, probation, and community (no criminal justice involvement). Data for analyses will be derived from Waves 1-3 of the "African American Female Drug Users: HIV, Health Disparities, and Criminality" study (also known as "B-WISE"; NIDA R01-DA22967), an ongoing longitudinal study of 600 African American women. All women are interviewed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the initial interview. The specific aims of the present study are (1) To describe the characteristics of African American women who have lost custody of their children, compared to women who have not; (2) To examine the mediating effect of custody loss on the relationship between individual level factors (criminal justice and drug user status) and changes in substance use and criminal behavior over the 12-month study time frame; and (3) To determine if characteristics of the child, the custody loss event, and perceptions of social support are significant predictors of a change in substance use and criminal behavior after losing custody. Multinomial logistic regression will be used to estimate the impact of factors such as social support, criminal justice status, characteristic of the child, and characteristics of the custody loss event on post-custody loss changes in drug use and crime. The significance of this study includes the potential to provide data for criminal justice system and child welfare system policy for the prevention, intervention, and treatment of African American mothers who are substance users.

描述(由申请人提供)：本研究的总体目标是了解失去监护权与非裔美国妇女的物质使用和犯罪行为之间的关系，这些妇女是跨刑事罪犯身份的母亲。尽管美国不同种族之间的毒品使用情况相似，但非裔美国人因滥用药物而参与儿童福利和刑事司法系统的情况不成比例。可用来帮助了解失去监护权对妇女随后的药物使用和犯罪的影响的科学数据非常有限。在NIDA的研究议程上，突出的是促进解决少数群体中的健康差距和脆弱性的研究。拟议的项目通过检查监护权的丧失作为非裔美国妇女中更多的药物使用和犯罪行为的预测因素来解决这一任务的一个方面。具体地说，该项目的主要目标是确定该人群失去监护权的风险因素，并评估失去监护权的物质使用和与犯罪行为相关的后果。由于子女是母亲社会支持的重要来源，失去这种支持可能会增加对家庭和朋友等其他支持来源的依赖。当这种支持足够时，女性在失去监护权后可能不太可能增加药物使用和犯罪行为。这项研究具有重要意义，因为它有可能确定非裔美国妇女失去监护权在物质使用和犯罪行为结果方面的差异，并揭示吸毒和非吸毒妇女在参与刑事司法的三个层面(每组200人)之间的差异：监狱、缓刑和社区(不参与刑事司法)。用于分析的数据将来自“非裔美国女性吸毒者：艾滋病毒、健康差距和犯罪行为”研究(也称为“B-WISE”；NIDA R01-DA22967)的第1-3波，这是一项正在进行的对600名非裔美国妇女的纵向研究。所有妇女都在初次面谈后的6个月和12个月接受面谈。本研究的具体目的是(1)描述失去子女监护权的非裔美国女性的特征，与没有失去监护权的女性相比；(2)考察监护权丧失对个人水平因素(刑事司法和吸毒者身份)与药物使用和犯罪行为变化之间关系的中介作用；(3)确定儿童的特征、监护权丧失事件和社会支持知觉是否显著预测失去监护权后物质使用和犯罪行为的变化。采用多项Logistic回归方法估计社会支持、刑事司法地位、子女特征、抚养权丧失事件特征等因素对抚养权丧失后吸毒和犯罪变化的影响。这项研究的意义包括为预防、干预和治疗吸毒者非裔美国人母亲的刑事司法系统和儿童福利系统政策提供数据的可能性。