Longitudinal effects of custody loss on drug use and crime of African American wo

失去监护权对非裔美国人吸毒和犯罪的纵向影响

• 批准号: 8125915
• 负责人: Kathi LH Harp
• 金额: $ 3.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8125915
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Ally; Characteristics; Child; Child Custody; Child Welfare; Communities; Crime; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Analyses; Dependence; Drug usage; Drug user; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Epidemic; Event; Expenditure; Family; Federal Government; Female; Foundations; Friends; Future; Goals; HIV; Health; Health Personnel; Health behavior; Home environment; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Knowledge; Literature; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Mediating; Minor; Minority; Mission; Mothers; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Perception; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Preventive Intervention; Prisoner; Prisons; Public Health; Race; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Self Concept; Services; Shapes; Social support; Source; State Government; Substance abuse problem; System; Time; Time Study; Woman; addiction; criminal behavior; drug abuser; experience; foster care; health disparity; improved; non-drug; offender; probation; probationer; programs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of the present study is to understand how custody loss is related to substance use and criminal behavior among African American women who are mothers across criminal offender status. While drug use is similar across racial groups in the US, African Americans disproportionately experience child welfare and criminal justice system involvement as a result of drug misuse. Very limited scientific data is available to help understand the effect of custody loss on a woman's subsequent substance use and crime. Prominent on NIDA's research agenda is the promotion of research addressing health disparities and vulnerabilities among minority populations. The proposed project addresses a facet of this mission by examining custody loss as a predictor of increased substance use and criminal behavior among African American women. Specifically, the main objectives of this project are to identify risk factors for custody loss in this population and to assess the substance use and criminal behavior-related outcomes of custody loss. Because children are a significant source of social support for mothers, the loss of such support is likely to increase dependence upon other sources of support such as family and friends. When this support is adequate, women may be less likely to increase their substance use and criminal behavior after losing custody. This study is significant because of its potential to identify differences in the substance use and criminal behavior outcomes of custody loss among African American women and uncover disparities among drug using and non-drug using women across three levels of criminal justice involvement (n=200 per group): prison, probation, and community (no criminal justice involvement). Data for analyses will be derived from Waves 1-3 of the "African American Female Drug Users: HIV, Health Disparities, and Criminality" study (also known as "B-WISE"; NIDA R01-DA22967), an ongoing longitudinal study of 600 African American women. All women are interviewed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the initial interview. The specific aims of the present study are (1) To describe the characteristics of African American women who have lost custody of their children, compared to women who have not; (2) To examine the mediating effect of custody loss on the relationship between individual level factors (criminal justice and drug user status) and changes in substance use and criminal behavior over the 12-month study time frame; and (3) To determine if characteristics of the child, the custody loss event, and perceptions of social support are significant predictors of a change in substance use and criminal behavior after losing custody. Multinomial logistic regression will be used to estimate the impact of factors such as social support, criminal justice status, characteristic of the child, and characteristics of the custody loss event on post-custody loss changes in drug use and crime. The significance of this study includes the potential to provide data for criminal justice system and child welfare system policy for the prevention, intervention, and treatment of African American mothers who are substance users. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study is significant to the public health field because of its potential to uncover disparities among African American women across criminal justice status and drug use status, prior to and after losing custody. This knowledge can be used as a foundation for future criminal justice and child welfare systems-level interventions targeted at early detection and treatment of substance abuse that utilize women's sources of social support as allies. Such interventions would reduce the need for costly child placement services and incarceration, ultimately reducing the disparities experienced by African American women.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是了解监护权丧失与非裔美国妇女的物质使用和犯罪行为之间的关系，这些妇女是刑事犯罪者身份的母亲。虽然美国各种族群体的药物使用情况相似，但由于药物滥用，非洲裔美国人不成比例地经历了儿童福利和刑事司法系统的参与。可用于帮助了解失去监护权对妇女随后使用药物和犯罪的影响的科学数据非常有限。NIDA研究议程上的一个突出项目是促进研究解决少数民族人口的健康差距和脆弱性问题。拟议的项目解决了这一使命的一个方面，通过审查监护权的损失，作为非洲裔美国妇女增加药物使用和犯罪行为的预测。具体而言，该项目的主要目标是确定这一人群中监护权丧失的风险因素，并评估监护权丧失的物质使用和犯罪行为相关后果。由于子女是母亲社会支持的重要来源，失去这种支持可能会增加对家庭和朋友等其他支持来源的依赖。当这种支持是足够的，妇女可能不太可能增加他们的物质使用和犯罪行为后失去监护权。这项研究是重要的，因为它有可能确定非裔美国妇女之间的监护权丧失的物质使用和犯罪行为结果的差异，并揭示吸毒和非吸毒妇女在三个层次的刑事司法参与（每组n=200）之间的差异：监狱，缓刑和社区（没有刑事司法参与）。用于分析的数据将来自“非洲裔美国女性吸毒者：艾滋病毒、健康差异和犯罪”研究（也称为“B-WISE”; NIDA R 01-DA 22967）的第1-3波，这是一项正在进行的600名非洲裔美国女性的纵向研究。所有妇女在基线和初次面谈后6个月和12个月接受面谈。本研究的具体目的是：（1）描述失去子女监护权的非裔美国妇女的特征，与没有失去子女监护权的妇女相比;（2）检验监护权丧失对个体水平因素之间关系的中介作用（刑事司法和吸毒者状况）以及12个月研究时间范围内物质使用和犯罪行为的变化;以及（3）确定儿童的特征、监护权丧失事件和对社会支持的感知是否是丧失监护权后物质使用和犯罪行为变化的重要预测因素。将使用多项逻辑回归来估计社会支持、刑事司法状况、儿童特征和监护权丧失事件特征等因素对药物使用和犯罪的监护权丧失后变化的影响。这项研究的意义包括有可能为刑事司法系统和儿童福利系统的预防，干预和治疗非裔美国人的母亲谁是物质使用者的政策提供数据。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究对公共卫生领域具有重要意义，因为它有可能揭示非裔美国妇女在失去监护权之前和之后的刑事司法状况和药物使用状况之间的差异。这一知识可用作今后刑事司法和儿童福利系统一级干预措施的基础，这些干预措施的目标是利用妇女的社会支助来源作为盟友，及早发现和治疗药物滥用。这种干预措施将减少对昂贵的儿童安置服务和监禁的需求，最终减少非裔美国妇女所经历的不平等。