State medical marijuana laws and MTF teen marijuana use and attitudes since 1991

自 1991 年以来州医用大麻法和 MTF 青少年大麻使用和态度

• 批准号: 8367414
• 负责人: DEBORAH S HASIN
• 金额: $ 54.22万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8367414
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attitude; Belief; Biometry; Censuses; Collaborations; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Data Sources; Ethnic Origin; Future; Gender; General Population; Goals; Health; High Prevalence; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Left; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Survey of Adolescents; Pattern; Policy Maker; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Prevention; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Public Health Education; Questionnaire Designs; Questionnaires; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Series; Side; Statistical Methods; Statutes and Laws; Strategic Planning; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Universities; Variant; Voice; age group; base; design; evidence base; innovation; interest; multilevel analysis; prevent; substance abuse epidemiology; time use; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since 1996, 16 states have passed laws legalizing medical use of marijuana, and other states are considering such laws. With little scientific evidence available on whether these fast-changing laws lead to increased illicit adolescent marijuana use (AMU), the issue is now largely a matter of debate. Recently, using data from two national surveys, we showed that states with medical marijuana laws (MML) had significantly higher prevalence of adolescent (Wall et al., 2011) and adult marijuana use (Cerda et al., in press) than other states. The results underscore the importance of further research on MML and AMU, but they do not resolve the debate~ doing so requires explaining the higher AMU we found in states with MML. We propose to investigate four alternative explanations: (a) passage of MML directly increases AMU~ (b) passage of MML indirectly increases AMU, mediated by more favorable attitudes and/or increased availability~ (c) MML and AMU are associated because higher use and more favorable attitudes already characterize states that pass MML~ or (d) a reciprocal process exists, such that states with higher use and more favorable attitudes pass MML, which then further increase the risk for AMU. We will conduct the study using time series data from >1,000,000 adolescents collected annually since 1991 in the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey. Due to the careful consistency in methods (e.g., procedures, questionnaires) across the years, MTF is the largest dataset available with relevant information on MML and AMU, including potential mediators of key interest, including attitudes related to marijuana (e.g., disapproval~ perceived risk), and perceived marijuana availability. Throughout the study, new data will be added on changes in state MML, and from the additional ~47,000 students surveyed yearly in the MTF. Data will be analyzed using state-of-the-art statistical methods (multilevel regression modeling with poststratification). We will examine yearly state MML and AMU, testing within-state trends relative to national trends, and explore varying time lags. Analyses will incorporate individual-level adolescent attitudes and perceived availability as potential mediators, and variables defined at the state level (e.g., population attitudes towards marijuana, state demographic composition, marijuana arrest rates) from Census and other data sources as potential determinants of MML passage. Further, we will explore whether variations in state MML (e.g., what the laws permit) influence the results, whether gender, SES and race/ethnicity moderate the relationship between MML and AMU, and whether relationships are specific to marijuana or generalize to other substances. The investigative team includes experts from Columbia University, University of Michigan, and a RAND/NBER expert on MML, building on pre-existing collaborations. NIDA PA 11-230 encourages research on MML. Information from the study will be scientifically exciting and have enormous public health significance. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Preventing adolescent marijuana use is a major interest of NIDA (see NIDA 2010 Strategic Plan), but little is known about whether medical marijuana laws lead to increased adolescent marijuana use, leaving the debate about the relationship of these laws to teen marijuana use controversial and not evidence-based. The proposed study will analyze data, by state, from yearly national surveys of adolescents conducted since 1991 (now totaling over 1,000,000 adolescents) to provide this much-needed information. The findings will inform the prevention efforts of health scientists, policy-makers, and the general public in terms of laws and public health education campaigns.

描述（由申请人提供）：自 1996 年以来，已有 16 个州通过了大麻医疗用途合法化的法律，其他州正在考虑此类法律。由于几乎没有科学证据证明这些快速变化的法律是否会导致青少年非法使用大麻（AMU）增加，因此这个问题现在很大程度上是一个争论问题。最近，利用两项全国调查的数据，我们发现，制定医用大麻法 (MML) 的州的青少年（Wall 等人，2011 年）和成人大麻使用率（Cerda 等人，出版中）显着高于其他州。 结果强调了进一步研究 MML 和 AMU 的重要性，但它们并没有解决争论——这样做需要解释我们在 MML 州发现的更高的 AMU。我们建议研究四种替代解释：（a）MML的通过直接增加AMU〜（b）MML的通过通过更有利的态度和/或增加的可用性间接增加AMU〜（c）MML和AMU相关，因为更高的使用率和更有利的态度已经表征了通过MML的国家〜或（d）存在相互过程，使得具有更高使用率和更有利的国家 态度通过 MML，从而进一步增加 AMU 的风险。我们将使用自 1991 年以来每年在监测未来 (MTF) 调查中收集的超过 1,000,000 名青少年的时间序列数据来进行这项研究。 由于多年来方法（例如程序、调查问卷）的严格一致性，MTF 是最大的可用数据集，包含 MML 和 AMU 的相关信息，包括关键利益的潜在中介因素，包括与大麻相关的态度（例如，不赞成~感知风险）和感知大麻可用性。 在整个研究过程中，新数据将被 补充了州 MML 的变化以及 MTF 每年调查的约 47,000 名学生的变化。将使用最先进的统计方法（带有后分层的多级回归建模）来分析数据。我们将检查每年的州 MML 和 AMU，测试州内趋势相对于国家趋势的情况，并探索不同的时间滞后。 分析将 将个人层面的青少年态度和感知可用性作为潜在的中介因素，以及来自人口普查和其他数据源的州层面定义的变量（例如，人口对大麻的态度、州人口构成、大麻逮捕率）作为 MML 通过的潜在决定因素。此外，我们将探讨各州 MML 的变化（例如法律允许的情况）是否会影响结果，性别、SES 和种族/族裔是否会调节 MML 和 AMU 之间的关系，以及这种关系是特定于大麻还是普遍适用于其他物质。 调查团队包括来自哥伦比亚大学、密歇根大学的专家以及 RAND/NBER 的 MML 专家，以现有合作为基础。 NIDA PA 11-230 鼓励对 MML 的研究。这项研究的信息将在科学上令人兴奋，并且具有巨大的公共卫生意义。 公共健康相关性：防止青少年吸食大麻是 NIDA 的主要兴趣（参见 NIDA 2010 年战略计划），但人们对医用大麻法是否会导致青少年吸食大麻增加知之甚少，因此关于这些法律与青少年吸食大麻之间关系的争论存在争议且缺乏证据。 拟议的研究将按州分析自 1991 年以来每年进行的全国青少年调查（目前青少年总数超过 1,000,000 名）的数据，以提供急需的信息。研究结果将为健康科学家、政策制定者和公众在法律和公共卫生教育活动方面的预防工作提供信息。