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Stages of Drug Market Disruption & Reformulation in Disaster Cities

药品市场混乱的阶段

基本信息

批准号：
8471406
负责人：
Eloise Emma Dunlap
金额：
$ 0.69万
依托单位：
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-04-01 至 2014-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This three year renewal project builds upon the success and findings emerging from the parent project (R01 DA021783) which focused upon illegal drug markets following Hurricane Katrina. This research endeavor is focused upon the processes by which drug markets are disrupted and changed by hurricanes. Illicit drug markets are tenaciously able to continue; how they reconstitute themselves is critical to understanding the persistence and continued operation of drug markets and related health risk behaviors. Research in years 1-3 reveals that the Katrina disaster resulted in more drug use and sales in New Orleans. A stages paradigm suggests that the loss of employment and critical societal institutions increased involvement in illicit drug selling and also increased drug-related violence in New Orleans. In year 3, pilot studies were conducted following Hurricane Gustav (disrupted New Orleans) and Ike (disrupted Galveston and Houston). Whether and how illegal drug markets were disrupted and reconstituted in Galveston remains a key unknown, especially whether the illegal drug markets worsen as they did in New Orleans. A systematic analysis of the impacts of these three disasters (Katrina, Gustav, and Ike) present the opportunity to examine and compare the impact upon the varied drug markets and compare stages of reformulation occurring in each community (Galveston, Houston, New Orleans). The specific aims: A. (Comparison of disrupted drug markets) To analyze the stages of disruption to illicit drug markets and drug-related violence in Galveston as a comparison with illicit markets in New Orleans and Houston. B. (Reformulation of drug markets) To examine stages of changes as illicit drug markets are restored in the disaster cities (Galveston, New Orleans) and in Houston where many evacuees were relocated. The proposed research activities will be primarily qualitative in approach. Well trained ethnographers will conduct careful observations of illegal drug markets in the three cities and write descriptive field notes. Over the three year period (year 5-7), staff will complete in-depth interviews with 140 selected drug users and sellers, and conduct 50 focus groups with 250 participants active in different markets (heroin, crack, marijuana, others). In addition, 350 drug using/selling respondents will complete a survey protocol organized around their experiences during and following Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. The proposed research will provide important information which will help design public policy responses to illegal drug markets, especially during and following disasters. With ongoing global warming, future destructive hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico are highly likely-these and other cities could be threatened. Information from these studies will enable authorities to develop appropriate counter measures to contain illegal markets during hurricanes and other disasters to help prevent their restoration in the following months and years. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Illegal drug markets are rarely impacted by interdiction activities, routine policing, and impositions of serious penal sanctions upon individuals arrested. Global warming may contribute to disasters like hurricanes occurring--these events have a very wide impact on the entire population of a community, and severely disrupt illegal markets in many ways. Information from this project will enable authorities (public officials, police, and treatment) to develop appropriate activities and interventions to contain illegal drug markets and increased substance abuse and related health risk behaviors following disasters.

描述（由申请人提供）：这个为期三年的更新项目建立在成功的基础上，并从母项目（R 01 DA 021783），其中重点是非法毒品市场卡特里娜飓风后出现的调查结果。这项研究奋进的重点是药物市场被飓风破坏和改变的过程。非法药物市场顽强地能够继续下去;它们如何自我重组对于理解药物市场的持续性和持续运作以及相关的健康风险行为至关重要。第1-3年的研究表明，卡特里娜飓风灾难导致新奥尔良更多的毒品使用和销售。一个阶段的范式表明，失业和关键的社会机构增加了非法毒品销售的参与，也增加了新奥尔良与毒品有关的暴力。在第三年，在飓风古斯塔夫（破坏新奥尔良）和艾克（破坏加尔维斯顿和休斯顿）之后进行了试点研究。非法毒品市场是否以及如何在加尔维斯顿被扰乱和重组仍然是一个关键的未知数，特别是非法毒品市场是否像新奥尔良那样恶化。对这三次灾难（卡特里娜、古斯塔夫和艾克）的影响进行系统分析，可以检查和比较对不同药物市场的影响，并比较每个社区（加尔维斯顿、休斯顿、新奥尔良）的重新制定阶段。具体目标：A.（毒品市场被破坏的比较）分析加尔维斯顿非法毒品市场和与毒品有关的暴力的破坏阶段，并与新奥尔良和休斯顿的非法市场进行比较。B。（毒品市场的重新形成）审查在受灾城市（加尔维斯顿、新奥尔良）和休斯顿（许多撤离者被重新安置）非法毒品市场恢复时的变化阶段。拟议的研究活动将主要采用定性方法。训练有素的人种学家将对这三个城市的非法毒品市场进行仔细观察，并撰写描述性的实地笔记。在三年期间（第5-7年），工作人员将与140名选定的吸毒者和销售者进行深入访谈，并与活跃在不同市场（海洛因、快克、大麻等）的250名参与者进行50次重点小组讨论。此外，350名药物使用/销售受访者将完成一项调查协议，围绕他们在古斯塔夫和艾克飓风期间和之后的经历组织。拟议的研究将提供重要信息，有助于制定应对非法毒品市场的公共政策，特别是在灾害期间和灾害之后。随着全球变暖，墨西哥湾未来极有可能发生破坏性飓风，这些城市和其他城市可能受到威胁。从这些研究中获得的信息将使当局能够制定适当的应对措施，在飓风和其他灾害期间遏制非法市场，以帮助防止其在随后的数月和数年中恢复。公共卫生相关性：非法毒品市场很少受到阻截活动、日常治安和对被捕者实施严厉刑事制裁的影响。全球变暖可能会导致飓风等灾害的发生-这些事件对社区的全体人口产生非常广泛的影响，并在许多方面严重扰乱非法市场。该项目提供的信息将使当局（政府官员、警察和治疗）能够制定适当的活动和干预措施，以遏制非法毒品市场和灾害后药物滥用和相关健康风险行为的增加。