Component 5: Verney

第五部分：维尼

• 批准号: 7886891
• 负责人: Steven P. Verney
• 金额: $ 3.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7886891
• 关键词: 20 year old; Address; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; American Indians; Animals; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Brain; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Cerebellum; Characteristics; Child; Clinical Treatment; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Consensus; Corpus Callosum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Economics; Ethanol; Expenditure; Extramural Activities; Eye; Family; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder; Funding; Gender; Goals; High Prevalence; Hispanic Americans; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intelligence; Intervention; Language; Lead; Learning; Link; Marshal; Masks; Measures; Memory; Mental Processes; Methods; Neurocognitive; Neurocognitive Deficit; New Mexico; Optic Nerve; Performance; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Population; Process; Process Measure; Psyche structure; Psychophysiology; Quality of life; Reflex action; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Saccades; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Smooth Pursuit; Southwestern United States; Speed; Staging; Structure; System; Task Performances; Testing; Variant; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; Work; aged; brain size; cognitive function; comparison group; ethnic minority population; executive function; experience; fetal; health disparity; indexing; information processing; insight; neurobehavioral; neurobehavioral test; neuroimaging; novel; oculomotor; prenatal; psychologic; response; social; socioeconomics; tool

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) affects over 1% of the population. FASD results in a wide array of neurocognitive deficits, which can in turn adversely affect social, educational, and developmental functions. Ethnic minority and low socioeconomic populations have a higher prevalence rate of FASD, and are therefore more adversely affected. However, the majority of research has been performed on Caucasians or using tests developed for Caucasian populations, which may introduce biases in the data. While this research has identified a number of brain systems and neurocognitive correlates to be affected in FASD, the underlying mechanism of these changes and impairments are still not well understood, and are even less well understood for the American Indian and other ethnic minority populations that are most affected. This understanding is necessary to develop treatments for this disorder. Here, we theorize that reduced efficiency of information processing underlies the wide array of cognitive deficits found in FASD. The purpose of this study is to investigate information processing efficiency using information processing tasks and psychophysiological, i.e., pupillary and eyetracking measures, in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. We will study of the association of FASD and neurocognitive functioning in 20 children with FASD aged 10 to 17 years and 20 age-, gender-, and socio-economic- matched healthy control children without FASD. A battery of information processing tasks will be administered while simultaneously gathering pupillary response and eyetracking measures. New Mexico and the US Southwest are well represented with Hispanic, American Indian and lower socioeconomic populations. Therefore, we will assess cognitive functioning using information-processing tasks and psychophysiological measures that we have shown to be less influenced by culture, and will therefore provide a more accurate measure of processing efficiency in Hispanic and American Indian populations (Verney, Granholm, Marshall, Malcarne, & Saccuzzo, 2005). This study will undertake the following specific aims in children with FASD: 1) examine oculomotor efficiency, 2) estimate the efficiency of information processing, response inhibition and working memory performance on eyetracking tasks of anti-saccade and visually- and memory- guided saccade tasks, and 3) estimate the efficiency of processing with pupillary response indexing mental effort on tasks tapping early information processing mechanisms. The data from this study will be used to obtain extramural funding to further investigate the neurocognitive functioning with information processing and psychophysiological approached in a diverse sample to better address the health disparity issues in children with FASD. Relevance: The study involves unique methods to probe the early stages of human information processing and basic reflexes that are relatively unaffected by cultural and learning experiences. Therefore, these methods not only have the potential of uncovering the core characteristics of FASD at a fundamental level, but will also offer relatively culture-free assessment tools for other studies.

胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD)影响超过1%的人口。FASD导致了广泛的 神经认知缺陷，这反过来会对社会、教育和发育功能产生不利影响。 少数民族和低社会经济人口的FASD患病率较高，并且 因此，受到的不利影响更大。然而，大多数研究都是在高加索人或 使用为高加索人群开发的测试，这可能会在数据中引入偏见。虽然这件事 研究已经确定了一些大脑系统和神经认知相关因素在FASD中受到影响， 这些变化和损伤的潜在机制仍然不清楚，甚至更少 对于受影响最严重的美国印第安人和其他少数民族人口来说，这是很好的理解。这 了解这一点对于开发这种疾病的治疗方法是必要的。在这里，我们理论上认为，减少 信息处理的效率是FASD发现的广泛认知缺陷的基础。这个 本研究的目的是考察利用信息进行信息加工的效率 在胎儿酒精中的处理任务和心理生理学，即瞳孔和眼睛跟踪措施 谱系障碍。我们将研究20名儿童FASD与神经认知功能的关系 10至17岁的FASD和20岁、性别和社会经济相匹配的健康对照儿童 没有FASD。将管理一系列信息处理任务，同时收集 瞳孔反应和眼球跟踪措施。新墨西哥州和美国西南部有很好的代表性 西班牙裔、美国印第安人和较低的社会经济人口。因此，我们将评估认知 使用我们已经证明的信息处理任务和心理生理措施来发挥作用 较少受文化影响，因此将提供更准确的衡量处理效率的方法 西班牙裔和美国印第安人人口(Verney，Granholm，Matt，Malcarne，&Saccuzzo，2005)。这 这项研究将对FASD儿童进行以下具体目标：1)检查眼球运动效率，2) 估计信息加工效率、反应抑制和工作记忆成绩 反眼跳任务和视觉和记忆引导的眼跳任务，以及3)估计 在利用早期信息的任务上，用瞳孔反应指标化心智努力的加工效率 处理机制。这项研究的数据将用于获得外部资金，以进一步 用信息加工和心理生理学方法研究神经认知功能 在不同的样本中，以更好地解决FASD儿童的健康差距问题。相关性： 研究涉及探索人类信息处理的早期阶段和基本反射的独特方法 相对不受文化和学习经历影响的人。因此，这些方法不仅具有 从根本上揭示FASD核心特征的潜力，但也将提供 为其他研究提供相对无文化的评估工具。