PUPILLOMETRY, INFORMATION PROCESSING, AND CULTURE

瞳孔测量、信息处理和文化

• 批准号: 2777639
• 负责人: Steven P. Verney
• 金额: $ 2.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-12-01 至 2000-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2777639
• 关键词: Mexican Americans; bias; caucasian American; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; culture; human subject; intelligence; intelligence tests; neural information processing; perceptual maskings; psychological tests; psychometrics; psychomotor reaction time; psychophysiology; pupillary reflex; pupillography; racial /ethnic difference; university student; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): The broad goal of this project is to advance our understanding of the relationship between culture and information processing efficiency. Hispanic students have typically shown a half of a standard deviation lower differential on WAIS-R scores (Suzuki, Meller, and Ponterotto, 1996) and an 80 points or more lower differential on 600-point SAT scores (Pearson, 1993) than their Caucasian counterparts. Information processing tasks are thought to be able to tap into discrete components, or stages of processing, of an individual's overall general cognitive functioning and are thought to have fewer cultural influences than other forms of cognitive testing. Saccuzzo, Johnson, and Guertin (1994) have demonstrated that measures of efficiency of information processing (i.e., the Visual Backward Masking, VBM, task) had the strongest relationship with both IQ and membership in a gifted program when compared to other information processing tasks and there were no differences in ethnicity on the VBM task. Inspection time (IT) on the VBM task has demonstrated a reliable, substantial correlation with IQ measures, accounting for approximately 20% of the variance in intelligence (Deary & Stough, 1996). Furthermore, psychophysiological measures are theorized to be more culture-fair than standardized cognitive ability tests. Task-evoked pupillary responses have been shown to index 'mental effort' (Beatty, 1982), and individuals with higher cognitive ability show lower pupillary response to cognitive tasks (Ahern & Beatty, 1979). The proposed project will examine the relationship between efficiency of information processing on the VBM task and higher-order general cognitive capacity (Satz-Mogel Abbreviated Version of the WAIS-R and SAT scores) for Mexican-American and Caucasian undergraduate students and how the level of acculturation (Scale of Ethnic Experience, SEE) may moderate this relationship. In addition, by utilizing a psychophysiological measure (pupillary responses) to investigate cognitive/neural efficiency during performance on the VBM task, this project will provide an additional novel approach to measuring the relationship between cognitive capacities and culture. METHODS: Forty Caucasian and forty Mexican-American undergraduate students will be given a visual backward masking (VBM) task and task- evoked pupillary responses, and detection accuracy on the task will be obtained. Associations between indices of efficiency of information processing and the students' WAIS-R and SAT scores will be evaluated. Subjects will be screened on the Scale of Ethnic Experience (SEE) to ensure a broad range of acculturation within the sample.

描述(申请人摘要)： 这个项目的主要目标是增进我们对 文化与信息加工效率的关系。 西班牙裔学生通常表现出一半的标准差 WAIS-R得分较低(铃木、梅勒和庞特罗托， 1996)，600分SAT的差值下限为80分或更多 (皮尔逊，1993)比他们的高加索同行。信息 处理任务被认为能够利用离散组件， 或加工的各个阶段，个体整体的一般认知 并被认为比其他文化影响更小 认知测试的形式。Saccuzzo，Johnson和Guertin(1994) 论证了信息处理效率的衡量标准 (即，视觉后向掩蔽，VBM，任务)最强 在以下情况下与天才计划的智商和会员关系 与其他信息处理任务相比，没有 在VBM任务上的种族差异。检查时间(IT) VBM任务已经证明与智商有可靠的、实质性的相关性 措施，约占20%的差异 《情报》(Deary&Stough，1996)。此外，心理生理学 从理论上讲，这些措施更注重文化公平，而不是标准化 认知能力测试。已经显示了任务诱发的瞳孔反应 来标示“精神努力”(Beatty，1982)，以及拥有更高 认知能力表现出较低的瞳孔对认知任务的反应 (Ahern&Beatty，1979)。拟议的项目将审查 VBM上信息处理效率的关系 任务与高阶一般认知能力(简称Satz-Mogel WAIS-R和SAT分数版本)，墨西哥裔美国人和高加索人 本科生的文化适应水平(量表 种族经历可能会缓和这种关系。此外，由 利用心理生理测量(瞳孔反应)来 研究VBM操作过程中的认知/神经效率 任务，该项目将提供另一种新的方法来 测量认知能力和文化之间的关系。 方法：40名高加索人和40名墨西哥裔本科生 学生将被给予视觉后向掩蔽(VBM)任务和任务- 诱发的瞳孔反应，对任务的检测准确度将达到 获得。信息效率指标之间的关联性 并对学生的WAIS-R和SAT成绩进行评估。 将根据种族经历(见)对受试者进行筛选 确保样本中有广泛的文化适应。

项目成果

Culture-fair cognitive ability assessment: information processing and psychophysiological approaches.

文化公平认知能力评估：信息处理和心理生理学方法。

• DOI: 10.1177/1073191105276674
• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Assessment
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Verney,StevenP;Granholm,Eric;Marshall,SandraP;Malcarne,VanessaL;Saccuzzo,DennisP
• 通讯作者: Saccuzzo,DennisP