Documenting the War on Poverty's Community Programs

描述(申请人提供)：在林登·B·约翰逊总统宣布“无条件地向贫困宣战”45年多之后，几乎没有系统的计量经济学研究评估过贫困之战的社区项目对健康的益处。在这个问题上缺乏证据的主要原因是缺乏数据，即哪些社区获得了用于消除贫困的战争计划的联邦赠款，他们何时收到这些赠款，这些赠款是做什么的，以及分配了多少资金。这项拟议的研究旨在通过追求四个具体目标来弥补这一不足：(1)收集和清理关于谁获得了扶贫战争补助金、补助金在哪里提供服务、补助金何时发放、补助金支付给了什么项目以及补助金的金额的信息；(2)检查联邦拨款给不同社区和扶贫战争下的项目的决定因素；(3)检查不同项目的扶贫战争补助金的重合性和互补性；以及(4)分发关于扶贫战争补助金的新数据集(在特定目标1中收集)，供其他研究人员使用。拟议的研究在几个方面对卫生政策和社会科学知识做出了贡献。首先，它将提供比以往在电子数据库中汇编的按方案和受赠人分列的更详细的、局部的拨款量化。其次，按计划、受赠人、地点和日期分列的新的扶贫战争拨款电子数据集将为未来分析这些计划的影响奠定基础并鼓励他们。最后，了解不同目的、不同社区和不同数额的赠款的决定因素，不仅有助于深入了解反贫困战争的内部运作，而且还有助于了解用于评估这些项目的替代计量经济学估计器假设的有效性。关于消除贫困的战争“治疗”(目标1)的详细信息以及这些治疗的决定因素(目标2和3)共同奠定了本研究人员和其他人(目标4)对这些方案对人口健康的平均本地影响进行准实验、计量经济学评估的基础。 公共卫生相关性：该项目以两种主要方式促进公共卫生知识。首先，它将通过汇编、编码和传播关于在反贫困战争中改善公共卫生的联邦拨款的信息，帮助研究人员了解联邦拨款对社会项目的影响和有效性。其次，该项目将有助于更好地估计美国反贫困战争公共卫生计划的短期和长期利益。这些估计应该有助于政策制定者和慈善家就美国和海外当前的计划做出资金决定。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): More than forty-five years after President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an "unconditional war on poverty," little systematic, econometric research has evaluated the health benefits of the War on Poverty's community programs. The main reason for the dearth of evidence on this topic is the lack of data on which communities received federal grants for War on Poverty programs, when they received them, what these grants were for, and how much funding was allocated. The proposed research aims to remedy this deficiency by pursuing four specific aims: (1) Collecting and cleaning information on the who received War on Poverty grants, where services under the grant were delivered, when the grant was awarded, what program the grant paid for, and the amount of the grant; (2) Examining the determinants of federal grants to different communities and programs under the War on Poverty; (3) Examining the coincidence and complementarity of War on Poverty grants for different programs, and (4) Distributing a new dataset on War on Poverty grants (collected in specific aim 1) for use by other researchers. The proposed research contributes to health policy and social science knowledge in several ways. First, it will provide a more detailed, local quantification of appropriations by program and grantee than ever assembled in an electronic database. Second, the new electronic dataset of War on Poverty grants by program, grantee, location and date will lay the groundwork for and encourage future analysis of the effects of these programs. Finally, understanding the determinants of grants for different purposes, communities and amounts not only provides insight into the internal workings of the War on Poverty administration, but this also sheds light on the validity of assumptions for alternative econometric estimators with which to evaluate these programs. Detailed information on the War on Poverty "treatments" (Aim 1) as well as the determinants of these treatments (Aims 2 and 3) together lay the foundation for quasi-experimental, econometric evaluations of the average, local effects of these programs on population health by this researcher and others (Aim 4). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project contributes to public health knowledge in two main ways. First, it will aid researchers in understanding the impact and effectiveness of federal grants for social programs by compiling, encoding and disseminating information on the federal grants to improve public health under the War on Poverty. Second, this project will help create better estimates of the shorter- and longer-term benefits of War on Poverty public health programs in the U.S. These estimates should assist policy- makers and philanthropists in making funding decisions about current programs in the U.S. and abroad.