Gender differences in the association of depression to transitions in smoking.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国死亡和发病的主要可预防原因（CDC 2005）。虽然戒烟减少了健康风险和残疾日，但妇女戒烟更困难，可用的治疗方法对妇女的成功率低于男子。了解增加戒烟失败的性别敏感风险因素对于改善干预措施至关重要。抑郁症已被确定为吸烟、尼古丁依赖、戒烟失败和未能保持禁欲的风险因素。女性在吸烟和重度抑郁症之间表现出比男性更强的关系;因此，抑郁症可能对女性戒烟的能力产生更大的影响。抑郁症和吸烟行为的关系中的性别差异尚未使用纵向人口为基础的数据集进行彻底检查。对于当前的项目，我们建议通过对酒精和相关疾病的全国流行病学调查（NESARC）第1波（2001-2002，n= 43，093）和第2波（2004-2005，n = 34，653）数据库进行二次分析，详细调查抑郁症与吸烟和尼古丁依赖转变之间关系的性别差异。目前的研究将通过检查与吸烟行为相关的多种情绪障碍来解决抑郁症和吸烟过渡研究的空白（终生和当前重度抑郁症，终生和当前恶劣心境，终生轻度抑郁症），多种形式的吸烟行为（戒烟、复吸、尼古丁依赖），以及可能介导抑郁症与戒烟之间关系的重要变量（压力、控制和社会支持）。这项研究的结果将对治疗提供者产生实际影响，并可能刺激研究，最终导致尼古丁依赖的性别特异性治疗的发展。 公共卫生相关性：虽然女性戒烟更困难，但这种关系的原因尚不清楚。女性有更高的抑郁率，患有抑郁症的吸烟者戒烟困难;然而，目前尚不清楚重度抑郁症、轻度抑郁症和心境恶劣在多大程度上对吸烟者戒烟和保持禁欲的能力产生负面影响，以及抑郁症对女性吸烟者的影响比男性更明显。拟议的应用程序将检查抑郁症和戒烟能力之间的关系的性别差异，并避免吸烟复发。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States (CDC 2005). While smoking cessation reduces health risks and disability days, women have more difficulty quitting smoking and available treatments are less successful for women than men. Understanding gender-sensitive risk factors that increase failure to stop smoking is critical for improving interventions. Depression has been identified as a risk factor for smoking, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation failure, and failure to maintain abstinence. Women demonstrate stronger relationships than men between smoking and Major Depression; therefore, depression may exert greater effects on the ability of women to stop smoking. Gender differences in the relationship of depression and smoking behavior have not been thoroughly examined using a longitudinal population-based dataset. For the current project, we are proposing to conduct a detailed investigation into gender differences in the relationship between depression and transitions in smoking and nicotine dependence through a secondary analysis of The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 (2001-2002, n=43,093) and Wave 2 (2004-2005, n=34,653) databases. The current study will address gaps in research on depression and smoking transitions by examining multiple mood disorders related to smoking behavior (lifetime and current Major Depression, lifetime and current Dysthymia, lifetime Minor Depression), multiple forms of smoking behavior (smoking cessation, smoking relapse, nicotine dependence), and important variables that may mediate the relationship between depression and smoking cessation (stress, control, and social support). The findings of this study will have practical implications for treatment providers and may stimulate research ultimately leading to the development of gender-specific treatments for nicotine dependence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Although women have a more difficult time quitting smoking, the reasons for this relationship are not well-understood. Women have higher rates of depression and smokers with depression experience difficulty quitting smoking; however, it is unclear to what extent Major Depression, Minor Depression, and Dysthymia negatively impact the ability of smokers to quit smoking and maintain abstinence and to what degree the impact of depression is more pronounced in female smokers than male. The proposed application will examine gender differences in the relationship between depression and ability to quit smoking and avoid smoking relapse.