Taste, Preferences, and Behavior: Effects of Nicotine and Flavorings in Electroni

描述：到目前为止，电子烟的使用模式和健康风险都不是很清楚。本项目的目的是确定电子烟中尼古丁浓度和风味添加剂对与电子烟使用相关的偏好、认知、影响和行为的影响，特别是在育龄妇女中。我们怀疑，与男性相比，女性吸烟的动机更多的是负面影响，而不是尼古丁水平，而且女性更喜欢甜味或掩盖味道的香烟。这些发现可能会对未来对替代烟草产品的监管产生影响，特别是如果某些口味或尼古丁浓度与更多的使用相关的话。为了探索这些问题，我们将对电子烟进行两个阶段的研究，对象是120名报告不打算戒烟的男性和女性吸烟者。第一阶段将需要一项实验室基线测试，测试偏好、喜好满意度和对渴望的影响，使用高和低浓度的尼古丁与烟草味或甜味/遮盖味道添加剂相结合。在这一阶段，受试者将确定最喜欢的电子烟香料。第二阶段将采用与第一阶段研究相同的受试者，评估受试者在其家庭环境中首选香烟和电子烟的使用模式，第二阶段受试者将接受为期一周的每日交互式语音应答(IVR)评估程序的跟踪，并指示他们照常吸烟。在这段时间之后，受试者将被要求戒烟，随机进入四种电子烟条件之一，并遵循IVR程序6周。电子烟的条件将是：没有尼古丁烟草香料；高尼古丁烟草香料；没有尼古丁偏好的调味品；高尼古丁偏好的调味品。在IVR期间，受试者将每天晚上致电IVR系统，回答有关日常吸烟或电子烟使用、使用电子烟前后尼古丁渴望、电子烟喜好、影响等问题 以及与使用电子烟有关的认知，以及使用电子烟的情景决定因素。在电子烟期间，受试者还将被问及使用普通香烟的情况，尽管被要求不要吸烟，并将每周测试吸烟情况。对电子烟使用率的分析将根据口味敏感性进行调整。为期3个月的跟踪调查将用于确定电子烟体验是否改变了吸烟习惯。结果将提供有关使用香烟和电子烟的日常动机、口味和尼古丁水平的影响的信息。 关于电子烟等替代烟草产品的消费，以及使用电子烟对随后吸烟的影响。

DESCRIPTION: To date, neither the usage patterns nor the health risks of e-cigarettes are well known. The purpose of this project is to determine the effects of nicotine concentration and flavor additives in e-cigarettes on the preferences, cognitions, affects, and behaviors associated with e-cigarette use, particularly in women of reproductive age. We suspect that women, compared to men, will be more motivated to smoke by negative effects, rather than by nicotine level, and will have a greater preference for sweeter or masking flavors. These findings may have implications for future regulation of alternative tobacco products, particularly if certain flavors or nicotine concentrations are associated with greater use. To explore these issues, we will conduct a two- phase study of e-cigarettes with 120 male and female smokers who report no intention to quit smoking. Phase I will entail a laboratory baseline test of preferences, liking satisfaction, and effects on craving using high versus low concentrations of nicotine crossed with tobacco-flavored or sweet/masking flavor additives. During this phase subjects will identify a most preferred e-cigarette flavoring. Phase II will evaluate subjects' usage patterns of preferred cigarettes and of e-cigarettes in their home environments, employing the same subjects studied in Phase I. Subjects in Phase II will be followed using a daily interactive voice response (IVR) assessment procedure for a period of 1 week, and instructed to smoke as they normally would. After this period subjects will be asked to refrain from smoking cigarettes, randomized to one of four e-cigarette conditions, and followed with the IVR procedure for 6 weeks. The e-cig conditions will be: No nicotine - tobacco flavoring; High nicotine - tobacco flavoring; No nicotine - preferred flavoring; High nicotine - preferred flavoring. During the IVR periods subjects will call the IVR system each evening to answer questions about daily cigarette or e-cigarette use, nicotine cravings before and after e-cigarette use, e-cigarette liking, affects and cognitions related to use, and situational determinants of using the e-cigarette. During the e- cig period subjects also will be asked about use of regular cigarettes despite being asked not to smoke, and cigarette smoking will be tested weekly. Analyses of e-cigarette usage rates will be adjusted for taste sensitivity. A 3-month follow-up will be used to determine if cigarette smoking habits are altered by the e- cigarette experience. Results will provide information about daily motivations to use cigarettes and e- cigarettes, the influence of flavors and nicotine levels on consumption of alternative tobacco products like e- cigarettes, and the effects of using e-cigarettes on subsequent cigarette smoking.