Taste, Preferences, and Behavior: Effects of Nicotine and Flavorings in Electroni

到目前为止，电子烟的使用模式和健康风险都不为人所知。该项目的目的是确定电子烟中尼古丁浓度和香料添加剂对电子烟使用相关的偏好、认知、影响和行为的影响，特别是对育龄妇女。我们怀疑，与男性相比，女性吸烟的动机更大的是负面影响，而不是尼古丁水平，而且女性更喜欢更甜或更隐蔽的口味。这些发现可能会对未来对替代烟草产品的监管产生影响，特别是如果某些口味或尼古丁浓度与更多的使用有关。为了探讨这些问题，我们将对120名无意戒烟的男性和女性吸烟者进行一项两阶段的电子烟研究。第一阶段将需要一个实验室基线测试，包括偏好，喜欢满意度，以及使用高浓度和低浓度的尼古丁与烟草味或甜味/掩蔽味添加剂交叉使用对渴望的影响。在这个阶段，受试者将确定一种最喜欢的电子烟调味剂。第二阶段将评估受试者在家庭环境中对首选香烟和电子烟的使用模式，使用与第一阶段相同的受试者。第二阶段的受试者将使用每日交互式语音应答（IVR）评估程序进行为期一周的跟踪，并指示他们像往常一样吸烟。在此期间之后，受试者将被要求不要吸烟，随机分为四种电子烟条件之一，并遵循IVR程序6周。电子烟的条件将是：无尼古丁-烟草香料；高尼古丁烟草香料；没有尼古丁偏好的调味剂；高尼古丁偏好的调味剂。在IVR测试期间，受试者将每天晚上打电话给IVR系统，回答有关日常吸烟或电子烟使用情况、使用电子烟前后对尼古丁的渴望、对电子烟的喜好、影响等问题

DESCRIPTION: To date, neither the usage patterns nor the health risks of e-cigarettes are well known. The purpose of this project is to determine the effects of nicotine concentration and flavor additives in e-cigarettes on the preferences, cognitions, affects, and behaviors associated with e-cigarette use, particularly in women of reproductive age. We suspect that women, compared to men, will be more motivated to smoke by negative effects, rather than by nicotine level, and will have a greater preference for sweeter or masking flavors. These findings may have implications for future regulation of alternative tobacco products, particularly if certain flavors or nicotine concentrations are associated with greater use. To explore these issues, we will conduct a two- phase study of e-cigarettes with 120 male and female smokers who report no intention to quit smoking. Phase I will entail a laboratory baseline test of preferences, liking satisfaction, and effects on craving using high versus low concentrations of nicotine crossed with tobacco-flavored or sweet/masking flavor additives. During this phase subjects will identify a most preferred e-cigarette flavoring. Phase II will evaluate subjects' usage patterns of preferred cigarettes and of e-cigarettes in their home environments, employing the same subjects studied in Phase I. Subjects in Phase II will be followed using a daily interactive voice response (IVR) assessment procedure for a period of 1 week, and instructed to smoke as they normally would. After this period subjects will be asked to refrain from smoking cigarettes, randomized to one of four e-cigarette conditions, and followed with the IVR procedure for 6 weeks. The e-cig conditions will be: No nicotine - tobacco flavoring; High nicotine - tobacco flavoring; No nicotine - preferred flavoring; High nicotine - preferred flavoring. During the IVR periods subjects will call the IVR system each evening to answer questions about daily cigarette or e-cigarette use, nicotine cravings before and after e-cigarette use, e-cigarette liking, affects and cognitions related to use, and situational determinants of using the e-cigarette. During the e- cig period subjects also will be asked about use of regular cigarettes despite being asked not to smoke, and cigarette smoking will be tested weekly. Analyses of e-cigarette usage rates will be adjusted for taste sensitivity. A 3-month follow-up will be used to determine if cigarette smoking habits are altered by the e- cigarette experience. Results will provide information about daily motivations to use cigarettes and e- cigarettes, the influence of flavors and nicotine levels on consumption of alternative tobacco products like e- cigarettes, and the effects of using e-cigarettes on subsequent cigarette smoking.