Social Influences on Drug-Seeking Behavior

项目总结 流行病学研究一直报告说，最可靠的预测因素之一是 青少年或青壮年是否会吸毒取决于他或她的朋友是否吸毒。社会学习理论 提出一个社会团体的成员要模范吸毒行为，而其他成员 然后模仿这些行为。此外，社会群体的成员选择性地 根据该团体制定的规范加强/惩罚他人的吸毒行为。直到最近， 检验社会学习理论预测的实验研究一直受到限制，因为 伦理(人体研究)或技术(动物研究)限制建模和模仿的限制 非法吸毒。在过去的五年中，我们开发并验证了定制的、IACUC批准的 允许两只(或更多)大鼠静脉给药的操作式调理室 同时，并排，在同一个房间里。使用这些小室，我们报告了药物自我给药可以增加或减少取决于伴侣的行为(即， 伴侣是否也在自我给药)。在这次竞争性更新我们的研究项目中 Grant(R01DA031725，社会对吸毒行为的影响)，我们将显著扩大使用 以促进我们对导致药物滥用的社会因素的了解 以及它的治疗方法。在目标1中，我们将确定合作伙伴的(1)答复量或(2)答复量 药物摄入量(即醉酒程度)通过分别操纵伴侣的时间安排和剂量维持反应，对社会接触对药物自我给药的影响负责。 在目标2中，我们将研究强化刺激在决定社会联系效果方面的作用。 通过操纵两个社会二元组大鼠的增强剂(可卡因、海洛因、食物)来控制药物摄入量。在AIM 3，我们将测试社会接触如何影响药物干预的疗效，以减少 通过控制伴侣在治疗过程中是否可以获得可卡因来控制可卡因的摄入量。在……里面 目的4、考察社会强化和社会惩罚对吸毒者的影响 通过给予或取消对伴侣的访问权限，视药物自我管理而定。在所有研究中，都是男性 将使用雌性大鼠，并将性别作为生物学变量进行检查。这样做的长期目标是 该项目是确定更准确地预测社会群体中药物使用的因素，并确定 纳入社会环境以减少药物使用的治疗干预措施。

PROJECT SUMMARY Epidemiological studies consistently report that one of the most reliable predictors of whether an adolescent or young adult will use drugs is whether his or her friends use drugs. Social learning theories of drug use propose that members of a social group model drug use behaviors and other members subsequently imitate those behaviors. Furthermore, members of the social group selectively reinforce/punish the drug use of others depending on the norms established by that group. Until recently, experimental studies examining the predictions of social learning theories have been limited because of ethical (human studies) or technical (animal studies) constraints limiting the modeling and imitation of illicit drug use. Over the last five years, we have developed and validated custom-built, IACUC-approved, operant conditioning chambers that permit two (or more) rats to intravenously self-administer drugs simultaneously, side-by-side, in the same chamber. Using these chambers, we reported that drug self-administration could either be increased or decreased depending on the behavior of a partner (i.e., whether the partner was also self-administering drugs). In this competing renewal of our research project grant (R01DA031725, Social Influences on Drug-Seeking Behavior), we will significantly expand the use of these chambers to advance our understanding of the social factors that contribute to substance abuse and its treatment. In Aim 1, we will determine whether a partner's (1) amount of responding or (2) amount of drug intake (i.e., level of intoxication) is responsible for the effects of social contact on drug self-administration by separately manipulating the schedule and dose maintaining responding in the partner. In Aim 2, we will examine the role of the reinforcing stimulus in determining the effects of social contact on drug intake by manipulating the reinforcer (cocaine, heroin, food) for both rats of a social dyad. In Aim 3, we will test how social contact influences the efficacy of a pharmacological intervention to reduce cocaine intake by manipulating whether a partner has access to cocaine over the course of treatment. In Aim 4, we will determine the effects of (1) social reinforcement and (2) social punishment on drug intake by giving or removing access to a partner contingent on drug self-administration. In all studies, both male and female rats will be used, and sex will be examined as a biological variable. The long-term goal of this project is to identify factors that more accurately predict drug use within social groups and to identify treatment interventions that incorporate the social environment to curtail drug use.