Neurocognitive mechanisms of age-related declines in context-driven adjustments of cognitive control

背景驱动的认知控制调整中与年龄相关的衰退的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 9329327
• 负责人: Jiefeng Jiang
• 金额: $ 5.71万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9329327
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Books; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cues; Elderly; Episodic memory; Exhibits; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mentors; Methods; Modality; Neurocognitive; Older Population; Pattern; Phase; Probability; Process; Reaction; Research; Resolution; Retrieval; Rewards; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Textbooks; Thinness; Training; Variant; Visual Cortex; Weather; age related; base; behavior measurement; cognitive control; cognitive function; experience; experimental study; flexibility; insight; long term memory; normal aging; procedural memory; programs; relating to nervous system; stem; tau Proteins; virtual; virtual reality; young adult

Project Summary/Abstract Aging is accompanied by cognitive declines, including in declarative (episodic) memory and in cognitive control, which refers to a set of cognitive functions that align actions with internal goals. Extant evidence indicates that older adults exhibit difficulty in proactively adjusting cognitive control, failing to effectively adjust control based on contextual cues that signal upcoming cognitive control demand. This difficulty leads to reduced flexibility, impedes goal-directed behavior in, and can profoundly impact older people’s daily life, as contexts are common and powerful predictive cues to signal adjustment of cognitive control in real life. For instance, viewing a usually busy traffic circle can serve as a cue to increase control demand in driving before entering the traffic circle. While age-related deficits in proactive control likely stem from disruptions in memory system and control system processes, and their interaction, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms supporting the formation and expression of associations between contexts and cognitive control demand and how these mechanisms change with aging. To answer these questions, three Experiments are proposed using a combination of virtual reality behavioral methods and human functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specific Aim 1 will delineate the mechanisms supporting the encoding and retrieval of associations between context and cognitive control demand, enabling proactive control in young adults. This experiment will also lay foundations for Specific Aims 2 and 3. Specific Aim 2 will determine whether and how context-control demand associations can be generalized to objects appearing in the context via the mechanism of memory replay. Specific Aim 3 will characterize whether reductions in proactive control in older adults are partially due to dysfunctional mnemonic mechanisms that build and express associations between contexts and cognitive control demands. Specific Aim 3 will further examine whether individual differences in hippocampal anatomical and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease relate to age-related differences in memory for context-control demand associations. In all proposed experiments, the applicant will harness virtual reality techniques to present contextual stimuli (virtual rooms) in order to more closely simulate real life scenarios. In analysis, univariate and multi-variate pattern analyses will be combined to comprehensively interrogate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying associations between contexts and cognitive control demand. The proposed studies promise to advance understanding of memory–cognitive control interactions, including how memory of procedural processing features (e.g., past levels of control demand experienced in a context) can drive flexible adjustments of proactive control, and will provide valuable new insights into how decreased cognitive control in older adults may stem, in part, from multi-system (memory and control) dysfunction.

项目摘要/摘要 衰老伴随着认知衰退，包括陈述性(情景)记忆和认知控制， 它指的是一套使行动与内部目标保持一致的认知功能。现有的证据表明 老年人在主动调整认知控制方面表现出困难，未能有效地调整基于控制的控制 取决于预示着即将到来的认知控制需求的背景线索。这种困难导致灵活性降低， 阻碍老年人的目标导向行为，并可能深刻影响老年人的日常生活，就像上下文一样 在现实生活中，对认知控制的信号调整的常见和强大的预测性线索。例如，查看 通常繁忙的交通环路可以作为在进入交通之前增加驾驶控制需求的提示 圆圈。虽然与年龄相关的主动控制缺陷可能源于记忆系统和控制的中断 系统过程及其相互作用，对支持 语境与认知控制需求之间关联性的形成和表达 机制会随着年龄的增长而改变。为了回答这些问题，提出了三个实验，使用 将虚拟现实行为方法与人体功能磁共振成像相结合。特定的 目标1将描述支持对上下文之间的关联进行编码和检索的机制 和认知控制需求，使年轻人能够主动控制。这项实验也将奠定 具体目标2和3的基础。具体目标2将决定是否以及如何控制需求 通过记忆重放机制，可以将关联概括为出现在上下文中的对象。 具体目标3将描述老年人主动控制的减少是否部分归因于 在语境和认知之间建立和表达关联的功能失调的助记机制 控制需求。具体目标3将进一步检验在海马区解剖上的个体差异 阿尔茨海默病的脑脊液生物标志物与年龄相关的记忆差异有关 上下文控制需求关联。在所有提议的实验中，申请者将利用虚拟现实 呈现情景刺激(虚拟房间)的技术，以便更接近地模拟真实生活场景。在……里面 分析、单变量和多变量模式分析将结合起来，全面询问 环境与认知控制需求之间联系的神经认知机制。这个 拟议的研究有望促进对记忆-认知控制相互作用的理解，包括如何 程序处理特征的记忆(例如，在上下文中经历的控制需求的过去级别)可以 推动主动控制的灵活调整，并将为如何减少 老年人的认知控制可能部分源于多系统(记忆和控制)功能障碍。