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Anomaly in the gradient: Health of U.S. adults with subbaccalaureate education.

梯度异常：受过学士学位以下教育的美国成年人的健康状况。

基本信息

批准号：
9272770
负责人：
Anna Zajacova
金额：
$ 7.22万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-05-15 至 2019-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9272770
关键词：
Academic skills Address Adult Age American Associate Degree Bachelor&apos s Degree Biological Birth Categories Childhood Chronic Disease Cognitive Data Sources Demographer Dimensions Disadvantaged Dropout Economics Education Employment Epidemiologist Ethnic Origin Foundations Funding Future Gender Goals Health Health Policy Health Status Health behavior Health trends Human Resources Light Link Literature Measures Mediating Methodology Mission National Health Interview Survey National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Nature Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Play Policies Population Population Group Psyche structure Public Health Race Reporting Research Risk Role Schools Social Conditions Subgroup Time Time trend United States National Institutes of Health Work base cognitive skill cohort college experience falls health care availability health difference high school innovation insight low socioeconomic status peer physical conditioning population health public health relevance social sociologist theories trend

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The subbaccalaureate educational attainment level --those who attended college but did not earn a bachelor's degree-- comprises 28% of American adults age 25 and older, or about 54 million people in the U.S. Surprisingly little is known about the health of adults in this major population group. A recent study by the PI and collaborators found a startling anomaly in the education gradient in health: adults at the subbaccalaureate level (especially college dropouts but also some recipients of associate's degrees) reported more health problems than high school graduates who never attended college. The gradient, which describes the monotonic positive association between schooling and health, has been understood to be universal across populations, health outcomes, and all levels of attainment. The fact that the gradient does not hold for 28% of the population may provide important clues about the mechanisms of the relationship between educational attainment and health. The long-term goal of the PI's research agenda is to understand how and why education and health are linked. The goal of this project is to compare the health of the subbaccalaureate group versus that of high school (HS) graduates who never attended college and college graduates, using three large, nationally-representative sources of data (the National Health Interview Survey 1997-2013, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979). In Aim 1, we will provide a detailed picture of the health patterns across multiple health dimensions, across major population groups, and across age, period, and birth cohorts. In Aim 2, we will explore how specific mediating and confounding mechanisms-employment, economic circumstances, health behaviors, childhood social conditions, cognitive/non- cognitive skills, and early health-explain the observed health patterns across the three education groups. This research is significant because: (1) Poorer-than-expected health in the large subbaccalaureate group must be addressed in health care policy and planning. (2) Explaining the anomalous patterns at the subbacca- laureate level can spur new theories to understand the relationship between schooling and health in general. This research is innovative because it seeks to challenge current research on the educational determinants of health by focusing on an anomaly in the gradient pattern. At the completion of this project, we will provide the first systematic assessment of the health of college dropouts and recipients of associate's degrees, as well as explore reasons why their additional schooling does not translate into a health advantage relative to HS graduates. We are thus proposing to answer an important, recently recognized issue of relatively poor health in the large subbaccalaureate group-an issue highly pertinent to NIH funding priorities, the U.S. health and educational policies, and the health of the American population-using methodologically and substantively innovative perspectives.

描述(由申请人提供)：本科以下学历水平--即那些上过大学但没有获得学士学位的人--占美国25岁及以上成年人的28%，即美国约5400万人。令人惊讶的是，人们对这一主要群体中成年人的健康状况知之甚少。PI和合作者最近的一项研究发现，在健康方面，教育程度的梯度存在惊人的反常现象：与从未上过大学的高中毕业生相比，大学以下学历的成年人(尤其是大学辍学生，也有一些获得副学士学位的人)报告了更多的健康问题。这种梯度描述了教育和健康之间的单调正相关，人们认为这种梯度在人口、健康结果和所有水平的成就中都是普遍存在的。事实上，28%的人口并不存在这种梯度，这一事实可能为了解教育程度与健康之间的关系机制提供了重要线索。国际和平研究所研究议程的长期目标是了解教育和卫生如何以及为什么联系在一起。该项目的目标是使用三个具有全国代表性的大型数据来源(1997-2013年全国健康访谈调查、1999-2012年全国健康和营养检查调查以及1979年全国青年纵向调查)，比较大学以下毕业生和从未上过大学和大学毕业生的高中毕业生的健康状况。在目标1中，我们将提供跨多个健康维度、跨主要人口群体以及跨年龄、时期和出生队列的健康模式的详细图景。在目标2中，我们将探索具体的中介和混淆机制--就业、经济环境、健康行为、儿童社会条件、认知/非认知技能和早期健康--如何解释三个教育群体中观察到的健康模式。这项研究具有重要意义，因为：(1)必须在卫生保健政策和规划中解决大量亚本科毕业生群体健康状况比预期差的问题。(2)解释亚学士学位水平的反常模式可以激发新的理论，从总体上理解学校教育与健康之间的关系。这项研究具有创新性，因为它试图通过关注梯度模式中的一个反常现象来挑战目前关于健康的教育决定因素的研究。在这个项目完成后，我们将提供第一个系统的健康评估的大学辍学和副学士学位获得者，以及探索为什么他们的额外教育不能转化为相对于HS毕业生的健康优势的原因。因此，我们建议用方法论和实质性的创新观点来回答一个重要的、最近认识到的问题，即在庞大的学士学位以下群体中相对较差的健康状况--这一问题与NIH的资金优先事项、美国的健康和教育政策以及美国人口的健康高度相关。