Proteostasis in the aging brain
Proteostasis in the aging brain
批准号:
9355965
负责人:
ANNE BRUNET
金额:
$65.79万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-09-15 至 2022-03-31
关键词:
AdultAffectAgeAgingAnimalsAstrocytesBiological PreservationBloodBrainCell Differentiation processCell MaintenanceCellsDeteriorationDietDiseaseExhibitsGenetic TranscriptionGoalsInjuryInvertebratesKnowledgeLearningLifeLysosomesMammalsMass Spectrum AnalysisMemoryMethodsModelingMolecularMusNatural regenerationNervous system structureNeurodegenerative DisordersNeuronsOligodendrogliaOrganismOutputPrevalenceProcessProteinsProteomeQuality ControlRegulationRejuvenationReporterRoleSensorySolubilityStarvationStem cellsTestingTimeTissuesWorkadult stem cellage relatedaging braincell typecognitive enhancementcognitive functionenvironmental interventionexperimental studyfunctional restorationimprovedin vivoinnovationinsightjuvenile animalnerve stem cellnormal agingnutrient deprivationprotein aggregateprotein aggregationproteostasisregenerativerepairedrestorationself-renewaltranscriptometranscriptome sequencing
中文摘要
总结
该项目的目标是了解成体干细胞中的蛋白质质量控制机制,
它们的后代在衰老过程中受到调节,目的是恢复老细胞的功能。保存
一个原始蛋白质组正在成为一个关键的机制,维持细胞功能的整个生命。
维持蛋白质质量控制的机制的破坏导致蛋白质聚集疾病,
无脊椎动物模型的加速老化。 然而,具有不同作用的细胞类型如何调节蛋白质
长期内的体内平衡仍未得到探索,特别是在哺乳动物中。成年人的大脑提供了
了解不同功能细胞类型中蛋白质质量控制机制的独特范例。它
含有静止的神经干细胞(NSC)的水库,这些细胞可以激活并反过来产生分化的神经干细胞。
具有特殊功能的细胞-神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。在衰老过程中,神经干细胞的能力,
退出静止期和它们产生新神经元的能力都急剧下降,但这种恶化不是
它是不可阻挡的,可以通过包括饮食在内的环境干预来逆转。然而,
能调节神经干细胞功能的基因在很大程度上是未知的。
我们最近开始了一个系统的表征蛋白质聚集和蛋白质稳态
在年轻的NSC及其后代中的机制。 令人兴奋的是,我们发现静止的神经干细胞含有大量的蛋白质,
存在于大溶酶体中未降解的聚集体。营养缺乏可以清除蛋白质聚集体
并增强它们的激活能力,这一过程受衰老的影响很大。 有趣的是,
来自年轻小鼠和小鼠的seq谱显示,来自老年小鼠的静止NSC表现出很大程度的
转录组范围随年龄变化。 该项目的中心假设是,蛋白质质量控制
机制在具有不同功能的细胞类型中不同,这可能是它们不同程度的
随着年龄的增长而恶化,并可用于特异性改善衰老细胞。 为了验证这个想法,我们建议
以下实验:
1. 了解蛋白质聚集体和蛋白质质量控制机制如何受到
增加年龄和恢复活力的战略
2. 特异性调节蛋白质抑制机制以改善老年NSC的功能,
分化后代
3. 确定神经干细胞中蛋白聚集体的组成并产生新的聚集体报告基因
及其后代
这些目标的完成将为蛋白质聚集体的调节提供独特的机制见解
以及它们在再生细胞及其分化后代中老化过程中的改变。 这项研究还应
提供对蛋白质质量控制如何在不同细胞中进行机械调节的基本理解
类型这些知识应该为建立新的方法“复兴”老细胞和恢复
蛋白质聚集体,这将是改善组织功能的关键步骤,在老化和年龄相关
疾病
英文摘要
SUMMARY
The goal of this project is to understand how protein quality control mechanisms in adult stem cells and
their progeny are regulated during aging, with the objective to restore the functionality of old cells. Preservation
of a pristine proteome is emerging as a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular function throughout life.
Disruption in the machinery that maintains protein quality control leads to protein aggregation diseases and
accelerated aging in invertebrate models. However, how cell types with different roles regulate protein
homeostasis during long periods of time remains unexplored, particularly in mammals. The adult brain offers a
unique paradigm for understanding protein quality control mechanisms in cell types with different functions. It
contains reservoirs of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) that can activate and in turn generate differentiated
cells with specialized function – neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. During aging, the ability of NSCs to
exit quiescence and their ability to produce new neurons both decline dramatically yet this deterioration is not
inexorable and can be reversed by environmental interventions, including diet. However, the mechanisms that
can regulate NSC function are largely unknown.
We recently embarked on a systematic characterization of protein aggregates and proteostasis
mechanisms in young NSCs and their progeny. Excitingly, we find that quiescent NSCs contain large protein
aggregates that are present undegraded in large lysosomes. Nutrient deprivation can clear protein aggregates
and enhance their ability to activate, a process that is dramatically affected by aging. Interestingly, our RNA-
seq profiling from young and also mice reveal that quiescent NSCs from old mice exhibit a large degree of
transcriptome-wide change with age. The central hypothesis of this Project is that the protein quality control
mechanisms differ in cell types with distinct functions, which could underlie their different degree of
deterioration with age and could be used for specifically ameliorating old cells. To test this idea, we propose
the following experiments:
1. To understand how protein aggregates and protein quality control mechanisms are influenced by
increasing age and by rejuvenating strategies
2. To specifically modulate proteostasis mechanisms to ameliorate function in old NSCs and their
differentiated progeny
3. To determine the composition of protein aggregates and generate new aggregate reporters in NSCs
and their progeny
Completion of these Aims will provide unique mechanistic insights into the regulation of protein aggregates
and their alteration during aging in regenerative cells and their differentiated progeny. This study should also
provide fundamental understanding of how protein quality control is mechanistically regulated in different cell
types. This knowledge should pave the way for building new methods for ‘rejuvenation’ of old cells and restore
protein aggregates, which will be a critical step for improving tissue function during aging and age-related
disease.
期刊论文(0)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
会议论文
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Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity
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依托单位:
海外基金