Proteostasis in the aging brain
Proteostasis in the aging brain
批准号:
9905325
负责人:
ANNE BRUNET
金额:
$63.72万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-09-15 至 2022-03-31
关键词:
AdultAffectAgeAgingAnimalsAstrocytesBloodBrainCell Differentiation processCell MaintenanceCell physiologyCellsDeteriorationDietDiseaseElderlyExhibitsGenetic TranscriptionGoalsInjuryInvertebratesKnowledgeLearningLifeLysosomesMammalsMass Spectrum AnalysisMemoryMethodsModelingMolecularMusNatural regenerationNervous system structureNeuronsOligodendrogliaOrganismOutputPrevalenceProcessProteinsProteomeQuality ControlRegulationRejuvenationReporterRoleSensorySolubilityStarvationTestingTimeTissuesWorkadult stem cellage relatedage related neurodegenerationaging braincell typecognitive enhancementcognitive functionenvironmental interventionexperimental studyfunctional restorationimprovedin vivo evaluationinnovationinsightjuvenile animalnerve stem cellnormal agingnutrient deprivationpreservationprotein aggregationproteostasisregenerativerepairedrestorationself-renewalstem cellstranscriptometranscriptome sequencing
中文摘要
摘要:
--
这项研究项目的主要目标是进一步了解成体干细胞的蛋白质、质量和控制机制。
他们的子代细胞在衰老过程中受到严格的调控,因此我们的目标是帮助他们恢复旧的干细胞的功能。
一种全新的蛋白质组学正在成为人类终生维持细胞免疫功能的一种关键机制。
维持蛋白质和质量控制的蛋白质和质量控制机制的中断导致蛋白质聚集和疾病的发生。
在无脊椎动物模型中加速了蛋白质的衰老。然而,不同类型的细胞如何发挥不同的作用来调节蛋白质。
在很长一段时间内,动态平衡仍未被探索,特别是在哺乳动物中。成年大脑提供了一种新的机制。
独特的研究范式,有助于我们理解不同细胞类型中的蛋白质和质量控制机制,以及不同的细胞功能。
含有大量静止的神经干细胞(NSCs),它们可以激活细胞,进而产生分化的细胞。
具有特殊功能的细胞包括神经元、星形胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。在衰老过程中,神经干细胞的功能增强。
退出停滞不前的状态,并提高他们创造新神经元的能力,但这两种情况都将急剧下降,但这种恶化趋势显然不会。
不可阻挡的性别和责任也可以通过包括饮食在内的环境保护干预措施来扭转。然而,环境机制并不能改变这一点。
能否监管国家安全委员会的职能在很大程度上是未知的。
--
我们最近还开始了一项关于蛋白质聚合体和蛋白质代谢的系统的研究。
机制存在于年轻的神经干细胞及其后代体内。令人兴奋的是,我们可以发现,处于静止状态的神经干细胞可能含有一种大的蛋白质。
在大的溶酶体中,蛋白质可能以未降解的形式存在。营养缺乏可以清除蛋白质和聚合体。
并增强他们的自我激活能力,这是一个新的过程,它受到年龄的极大影响。有趣的是,我们的核糖核酸--
SEQ分析显示,从幼鼠和成年小鼠身上提取的静止的NSCs在很大程度上是由老年小鼠获得的。
整个转录组都会随着年龄的变化而变化。这项研究项目的核心假设是,控制蛋白质的质量和控制。
不同的细胞类型有不同的机制,具有不同的细胞功能,这可能是它们不同的功能程度的基础。
随着年龄的增长而恶化,也不能用来专门用来改善老旧的干细胞。为了检验这一想法,我们建议。
以下是几个实验:
--
1.进一步了解蛋白质是如何聚集的,蛋白质的质量控制机制是如何受到影响的。
通过振兴金融战略来增加年龄和收入。
--
2.建立专门的蛋白质调控机制,以改善旧的神经干细胞的功能,改善其功能。
分化的后代。
--
3.帮助确定蛋白质和聚集体的主要组成成分,并生成新的蛋白质聚集体--记者在国家科学委员会采访时说。
以及他们的后代。
--
这些目标的完成将为我们提供一个独特的、机械性的洞察力,帮助我们更好地了解蛋白质和蛋白质聚合体的监管机制。
以及它们在再生干细胞老化过程中的变化情况,以及它们分化后的后代。因此,这项研究也应该包括。
为我们提供一个基本的理解,让我们了解蛋白质的质量控制是如何在不同的细胞中被机械地调控的。
类型。这一新的知识体系应该为我们建立新的新的技术方法体系铺平道路,以便更好地实现旧的干细胞的复兴和修复。
蛋白质和聚集体,这将是在衰老和与年龄相关的疾病期间改善组织功能的关键一步。
疾病。
英文摘要
SUMMARY
The goal of this project is to understand how protein quality control mechanisms in adult stem cells and
their progeny are regulated during aging, with the objective to restore the functionality of old cells. Preservation
of a pristine proteome is emerging as a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular function throughout life.
Disruption in the machinery that maintains protein quality control leads to protein aggregation diseases and
accelerated aging in invertebrate models. However, how cell types with different roles regulate protein
homeostasis during long periods of time remains unexplored, particularly in mammals. The adult brain offers a
unique paradigm for understanding protein quality control mechanisms in cell types with different functions. It
contains reservoirs of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) that can activate and in turn generate differentiated
cells with specialized function – neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. During aging, the ability of NSCs to
exit quiescence and their ability to produce new neurons both decline dramatically yet this deterioration is not
inexorable and can be reversed by environmental interventions, including diet. However, the mechanisms that
can regulate NSC function are largely unknown.
We recently embarked on a systematic characterization of protein aggregates and proteostasis
mechanisms in young NSCs and their progeny. Excitingly, we find that quiescent NSCs contain large protein
aggregates that are present undegraded in large lysosomes. Nutrient deprivation can clear protein aggregates
and enhance their ability to activate, a process that is dramatically affected by aging. Interestingly, our RNA-
seq profiling from young and also mice reveal that quiescent NSCs from old mice exhibit a large degree of
transcriptome-wide change with age. The central hypothesis of this Project is that the protein quality control
mechanisms differ in cell types with distinct functions, which could underlie their different degree of
deterioration with age and could be used for specifically ameliorating old cells. To test this idea, we propose
the following experiments:
1. To understand how protein aggregates and protein quality control mechanisms are influenced by
increasing age and by rejuvenating strategies
2. To specifically modulate proteostasis mechanisms to ameliorate function in old NSCs and their
differentiated progeny
3. To determine the composition of protein aggregates and generate new aggregate reporters in NSCs
and their progeny
Completion of these Aims will provide unique mechanistic insights into the regulation of protein aggregates
and their alteration during aging in regenerative cells and their differentiated progeny. This study should also
provide fundamental understanding of how protein quality control is mechanistically regulated in different cell
types. This knowledge should pave the way for building new methods for ‘rejuvenation’ of old cells and restore
protein aggregates, which will be a critical step for improving tissue function during aging and age-related
disease.
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