The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
批准号:
9509481
负责人:
Nicholas Anthony Lyons
金额:
$8.86万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
关键词:
Actinobacteria classAffectAltruismAmino Acid SubstitutionAmino AcidsAntibiotic ResistanceAntibioticsAwardBacillus (bacterium)Bacillus subtilisBacteriaBacterial PhysiologyBehaviorBioinformaticsBiologicalBiological AssayBiologyCatalogsCellsComplementComplexCooperative BehaviorDNA Sequencing FacilityDataData SetDevelopmentDiscriminationDistantDrug resistanceEvolutionExhibitsFoundationsFutureGene ExpressionGenesGenetic TranscriptionGenomicsGoalsHabitatsHealthHumanInfectionKnowledgeLearningLife StyleLightMediatingMentorsMentorshipMicrobial BiofilmsMicrobiologyModelingMutationOrganismOutputPharmaceutical PreparationsPhasePhenotypePopulationPostdoctoral FellowPreventionProductionRecording of previous eventsResearchResearch PersonnelResourcesRoleRouteScientistSocial EnvironmentSolidSourceStreptomycesStressStructureSystemTechnical ExpertiseTechniquesTestingTrainingVariantWorkantimicrobialbioinformatics resourcecareercareer developmentclinically relevantcomparative genomicsdefense responseexperienceexperimental studyfascinatefightinggenome sequencinginterestmedical schoolsmicrobialmutantnegative affectnovelpressurepreventskillssuccesstraittranscriptome sequencingtranscriptomicsvirtualwhole genome
中文摘要
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英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Bacterial lifestyles can be extremely complex, manifested most strikingly in the formation of highly
cooperative multicellular structures like biofilms. Beyond the inherent basic biological interest, these complex
traits have significant impacts on how bacteria relate to human health both as a defense response leading to
increased drug resistance and as a source of clinically-‐‑relevant antibiotics, which are often only produced in
certain social contexts. In my post-‐‑doctoral work I have used the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis to study how
multicellular behaviors affect the way bacteria interact with each other. I found that B. subtilis can judge
whether or not neighboring cells are close relatives, a phenomenon called kin discrimination. They do this
using the extensive and diverse complement of antimicrobial molecules that each strain produces. This kin
discrimination behavior creates an evolutionary pressure to diversify, resulting in so much intraspecies
variation that even very closely related strains cannot coexist in their natural habitat.
The first aim of this proposal will focus on the consequences of kin discrimination, specifically whether a
population can better resist invasion by non-‐‑kin cells than kin. This will inform our understanding of natural
microbial populations living in and around us, and how they respond to outside influences. I will also learn
important technical skills involved in experimental evolution, including genome sequencing, comparative
genomics, and the bioinformatic and programming skills inherent to working with large genomic datasets.
The second aim seeks to gain a better understanding of the diversity lurking within the B. subtilis species by
examining three routes of evolutionary change: amino acid substitutions, gain/loss of entire genes, and
changes in gene transcription. By looking across multiple strains in multiple multicellular contexts, I will be
able to see which of these changes is most common in early strain divergence and which genes are under the
most pressure to change. This will generate a catalog of evolutionary information that will be useful for many
years and open many avenues of research for my own independent lab. The techniques involved, such as RNA
sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, will be invaluable additions to my skillset.
The third aim of this application will examine the generality of my findings in other bacteria. Given that B.
subtilis use antibiotic molecules to recognize each other, I will look in the phylum of bacteria that produces the
majority of approved antibiotics: Actinobacteria. Examining intraspecies interactions can help shed light on the
evolution of antibiotic production and how best to mine for clinically relevant molecules. I will investigate the
ability of the Actinobacteria Streptomyces to discriminate kin from non-‐‑kin, and whether this is mediated
through antibiotic diversity. This project will be my introduction to Actinobacteria, with the long-‐‑term goal of
studying other aspects of their fascinating multicellular lifecycle.
The training I will continue to receive under Dr. Roberto Kolter at Harvard Medical School will give me a great
foundation of microbiology experience on which to build my career. HMS provides a number of advantages
that will facilitate my advancement, including core sequencing facilities, bioinformatic resources, and courses
dedicated to career development. Additionally, I will receive specialized training from experts in the fields of
microbial genomics and Actinobacteria biology to accomplish the goals of this proposal and broaden my
development as a scientist. The knowledge and techniques I will acquire under this award will be instrumental
in obtaining my career goals and becoming an effective independent investigator.
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The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
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批准号:9224671
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$9.0万
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财政年份:2017
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负责人:Nicholas Anthony Lyons
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依托单位:
海外基金