The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
批准号:
9509481
负责人:
Nicholas Anthony Lyons
金额:
$8.86万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
关键词:
Actinobacteria classAffectAltruismAmino Acid SubstitutionAmino AcidsAntibiotic ResistanceAntibioticsAwardBacillus (bacterium)Bacillus subtilisBacteriaBacterial PhysiologyBehaviorBioinformaticsBiologicalBiological AssayBiologyCatalogsCellsComplementComplexCooperative BehaviorDNA Sequencing FacilityDataData SetDevelopmentDiscriminationDistantDrug resistanceEvolutionExhibitsFoundationsFutureGene ExpressionGenesGenetic TranscriptionGenomicsGoalsHabitatsHealthHumanInfectionKnowledgeLearningLife StyleLightMediatingMentorsMentorshipMicrobial BiofilmsMicrobiologyModelingMutationOrganismOutputPharmaceutical PreparationsPhasePhenotypePopulationPostdoctoral FellowPreventionProductionRecording of previous eventsResearchResearch PersonnelResourcesRoleRouteScientistSocial EnvironmentSolidSourceStreptomycesStressStructureSystemTechnical ExpertiseTechniquesTestingTrainingVariantWorkantimicrobialbioinformatics resourcecareercareer developmentclinically relevantcomparative genomicsdefense responseexperienceexperimental studyfascinatefightinggenome sequencinginterestmedical schoolsmicrobialmutantnegative affectnovelpressurepreventskillssuccesstraittranscriptome sequencingtranscriptomicsvirtualwhole genome
中文摘要
摘要:
--
细菌的生活方式可以说是极其复杂的,最引人注目的表现在它的形成过程中。
合作的多细胞生物结构就像生物膜。除了这些固有的基本生物兴趣之外,这些都是复杂的。
这些特征对细菌与人类健康的关系产生了重大的影响,这既是一种防御措施,也是导致癌症的一种反应。
越来越多的人对药物产生耐药性,这是临床上相关的抗生素的一个重要来源,这些抗生素通常只在中国生产。
某些社交背景。在我从事博士后研究工作的过程中,我曾使用枯草芽孢杆菌的细菌模型来研究如何做到这一点。
多细胞细菌的行为可能会影响细菌相互作用的方式。我发现枯草杆菌无法判断。
无论是邻居还是邻居,他们都是近亲,这是一种被称为近亲歧视的现象。他们应该这样做。
利用每个菌株都能产生的广泛的基因和多样化的抗菌素分子来补充。
对行为的歧视造成了一种新的进化压力,要求物种多样化,从而导致如此多的种内物种。
变异意味着,即使是亲缘关系非常密切的菌株,也不可能在它们主要的自然栖息地共存。
--
这项新提案的第一个目标将是关注亲属歧视的主要后果,特别是是否应该这样做。
人类比亲属更能抵抗非亲属血细胞的入侵,这也将有助于我们更好地理解自然环境。
微生物种群生活在我们周围的环境中,他们应该如何应对外界的影响。我也将继续学习。
一些重要的技术技能参与了实验生物进化,包括基因组测序和比较基因组测序。
基因组学、生物信息学和基因编程等技能是处理大型生物基因组数据集所固有的技能。
--
第二个目标是寻求更好地了解在此之前隐藏在枯草杆菌和物种中的物种的多样性。
考察了进化基因变化的三条途径:氨基酸替换、整个基因的得失、基因突变和基因突变。
基因和转录的变化。通过研究在多个多细胞和多细胞环境中发现的多个基因菌株,我相信我将不会被发现。
我们能够看到这些基因变化中的哪一种是早期病毒株最常见的症状,以及在这种情况下哪些基因发生了变化。
大多数人面临着改变的压力。但这一次将不会产生一份新的进化信息的目录,这些信息对许多人来说将是非常有用的。
多年来,我为我自己的独立实验室开辟了许多新的研究途径。其中涉及到的技术,如RNA。
测序和生物信息学分析,对我的基因技能集来说,这将是非常宝贵的补充。
--
这个应用程序的第三个目标是检查我在其他细菌中的研究结果的一般性。鉴于这一点,B.
枯草杆菌可以使用抗生素分子来相互识别,我想我将不会研究它产生的细菌的门。
大多数被批准的非抗生素:放线杆菌。通过检查它们的种内和相互作用,不仅可以帮助我们阐明这一问题。
抗生素生产的发展趋势,以及如何最好地挖掘临床上相关的分子。我将不会调查这一问题。
放线杆菌和链霉菌之间区分亲缘关系和非亲缘关系的能力,以及这种差异是否被调解。
通过抗生素和多样性。这个新的项目将成为我对放线杆菌的最新介绍,以及的长期目标。
研究他们迷人的多细胞生命周期的其他方面。
--
我将继续在哈佛大学医学院的罗伯托·科尔特博士的带领下接受培训,这将给我一个非常棒的机会。
微生物学的基础和经验为我的职业生涯奠定了基础。HMS为我提供了大量的技术优势。
这将有助于我的职业发展,包括核心基因组测序设施、生物信息学资源、课程和课程。
致力于职业发展。此外,我还将接受来自中国各领域专家的专业技能培训。
微生物基因组学和放线杆菌生物学将共同完成本提案的主要目标,拓宽我的研究领域。
发展就像是一名科学家。我将在这个奖项下获得的新知识和新技术将不会是非常有用的。
在获得我的职业生涯目标的过程中,我成为了一名高效而独立的调查人员。
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Bacterial lifestyles can be extremely complex, manifested most strikingly in the formation of highly
cooperative multicellular structures like biofilms. Beyond the inherent basic biological interest, these complex
traits have significant impacts on how bacteria relate to human health both as a defense response leading to
increased drug resistance and as a source of clinically-‐‑relevant antibiotics, which are often only produced in
certain social contexts. In my post-‐‑doctoral work I have used the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis to study how
multicellular behaviors affect the way bacteria interact with each other. I found that B. subtilis can judge
whether or not neighboring cells are close relatives, a phenomenon called kin discrimination. They do this
using the extensive and diverse complement of antimicrobial molecules that each strain produces. This kin
discrimination behavior creates an evolutionary pressure to diversify, resulting in so much intraspecies
variation that even very closely related strains cannot coexist in their natural habitat.
The first aim of this proposal will focus on the consequences of kin discrimination, specifically whether a
population can better resist invasion by non-‐‑kin cells than kin. This will inform our understanding of natural
microbial populations living in and around us, and how they respond to outside influences. I will also learn
important technical skills involved in experimental evolution, including genome sequencing, comparative
genomics, and the bioinformatic and programming skills inherent to working with large genomic datasets.
The second aim seeks to gain a better understanding of the diversity lurking within the B. subtilis species by
examining three routes of evolutionary change: amino acid substitutions, gain/loss of entire genes, and
changes in gene transcription. By looking across multiple strains in multiple multicellular contexts, I will be
able to see which of these changes is most common in early strain divergence and which genes are under the
most pressure to change. This will generate a catalog of evolutionary information that will be useful for many
years and open many avenues of research for my own independent lab. The techniques involved, such as RNA
sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, will be invaluable additions to my skillset.
The third aim of this application will examine the generality of my findings in other bacteria. Given that B.
subtilis use antibiotic molecules to recognize each other, I will look in the phylum of bacteria that produces the
majority of approved antibiotics: Actinobacteria. Examining intraspecies interactions can help shed light on the
evolution of antibiotic production and how best to mine for clinically relevant molecules. I will investigate the
ability of the Actinobacteria Streptomyces to discriminate kin from non-‐‑kin, and whether this is mediated
through antibiotic diversity. This project will be my introduction to Actinobacteria, with the long-‐‑term goal of
studying other aspects of their fascinating multicellular lifecycle.
The training I will continue to receive under Dr. Roberto Kolter at Harvard Medical School will give me a great
foundation of microbiology experience on which to build my career. HMS provides a number of advantages
that will facilitate my advancement, including core sequencing facilities, bioinformatic resources, and courses
dedicated to career development. Additionally, I will receive specialized training from experts in the fields of
microbial genomics and Actinobacteria biology to accomplish the goals of this proposal and broaden my
development as a scientist. The knowledge and techniques I will acquire under this award will be instrumental
in obtaining my career goals and becoming an effective independent investigator.
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The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
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批准号:9224671
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$9.0万
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财政年份:2017
-
负责人:Nicholas Anthony Lyons
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依托单位:
海外基金