Training Program on HIV Diversity and Drug Resistance-Enhancing Research Capacity

描述（由申请方提供）：喀麦隆广泛的HIV-1遗传多样性和耐药变异体的出现增加了病毒遗传多样性的复杂性，并为诊断和预防工作带来了潜在问题，需要监测HIV-1多样性的演变，并通过不同的HIV-1检测试剂盒检查新的HIV-1变异体的检测灵敏度。这些问题继续突出表明，喀麦隆需要进一步开展培训和研究。这一培训方案题为“艾滋病毒多样性和抗药性培训方案：加强研究能力”，旨在长期建设和加强喀麦隆雅温得医疗诊断中心的研究能力，以便开展研究，1）记录和监测艾滋病毒1型的遗传多样性和演变; 2）记录和监测出现的抗逆转录病毒抗药性艾滋病毒1型变异; 3）研究不同HIV-1变种的生物学和免疫学特性，包括新出现的和耐药菌株; 4）监测市售检测试剂盒诊断不同HIV-1菌株引起的感染的能力;以及5）改进质量保证和实验室生物安全。为实现这些目标，我们将：a）组织国内培训讲习班，在当地提供短期现场培训，内容涉及：i）质量保证和实验室生物安全; ii）用于诊断各种艾滋病毒株引起的感染的新技术和商用检测试剂盒; iii）科学和赠款写作技能。B）提供长期培训， 纽约，通过为博士前和博士后研究员提供的非学位或学位课程，进行与艾滋病毒遗传多样性研究有关的分子生物学/流行病学/生物统计学研究。（c）在纽约为研究员提供中期培训，使他们能够进行病毒基因亚型特征和计算机分析方面的实验室实践培训，以记录和查明各种HIV-1毒株和/或抗药性突变以及病毒的生物学和免疫学特性。（d）通过记录耐药性突变和数据解释方面的实践培训提供短期培训，参加流行病学和生物统计学课程，并与相关导师一对一合作。以及，e）通过向适当的长期“校友”研究员提供小额赠款来支持国内研究，以开展针对MDC研究目标的研究。这一培训方案应建立和加强MDC的研究能力，以开展与喀麦隆干预和预防方案有关的HIV-1多样性和耐药性研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad HIV-1 genetic diversity and the emergence of drug resistant variants in Cameroon adds to complicate the viral genetic diversity and poses potential problems for diagnosis and prevention efforts, requiring that the evolution of HIV-1 diversity be monitored, and that new HIV-1 variants be examined for sensitivity of detection by different HIV-1 test kits. These problems continue to underscore the need for further training and research in Cameroon. This training program entitled "Training Program on HIV Diversity and Drug Resistance: enhancing research capacity" is designed with long-term to build and strengthen research capacity at the Medical Diagnostic Center in Yaounde, Cameroon for conducting studies to 1) document and monitor HIV-1 genetic diversity and evolution; 2) document and monitor the emergence antiretroviral drug resistant HIV-1 variants; 3) study the biologic and immunologic properties of different HIV-1 variants including emerging and drug resistant strains; 4) monitor the ability of commercially available test kits to diagnose infection by caused by diverse HIV-1 strains; and 5) to improve quality assurance and laboratory biosafety. To achieve these objectives we will: a) Organize in-country training workshops that will provide short-term local onsite training on: i) quality assurance and laboratory biosafety; ii new technologies and commercially available test kits for the diagnosis of infections caused by diverse HIV strains; and iii) scientific and grant writing skills. b) Provide long-term training in New York for studies of molecular biology/epidemiology/biostatistics relevant to studies of HIV genetic diversity through non-degree or degree programs for pre- and post-doctoral fellows. c) Provide medium-term training in New York for fellows to perform hands-on-laboratory training on viral genetic subtype characterization and computational analysis to document and identify diverse HIV-1 strains and/or drug resistance mutations, and viral biologic and immunologic properties. d) Provide short-term training through hands-on-training in documenting drug resistance mutations and data interpretation, to attend courses on epidemiology and biostatistics and to work one-on-one with relevant mentors. And, e) To support in-country research by providing small grants to appropriate long-term "alumni" fellows to conduct studies that addresses the research goals of the MDC. This training program should build and strengthen the research capacity at MDC to conduct studies on HIV-1 diversity and drug resistance that are relevant to intervention and prevention programs in Cameroon.