Trends in the stratification of premarital childbirth

项目摘要 在整个北半球，随着经济不平等的加剧，婚前生育和单身母亲 越来越多地集中在低收入和受教育程度较低的妇女中， 对孩子健康的影响。在撒哈拉以南非洲，经济不平等也在加剧， 形成模式在不断变化，但我们不知道家庭模式是否也因教育而分层。 这项研究的主要目的是调查婚前生育是否正在成为 越来越多地按撒哈拉以南非洲妇女的教育程度分层，并确定 背景因素有助于解释任何增加的分层。这一点很重要，因为孩子出生 在撒哈拉以南非洲，未婚或从未结婚的母亲死亡和健康状况不佳的风险高于 已婚母亲生育的子女越来越多，在一些国家，婚前生育率正在上升。如果 一项拟议的项目发现，婚前生育越来越集中在受教育程度低的妇女中，它将 确认有必要采取有针对性的干预措施，以减轻婚前生育对弱势妇女的影响 还有他们的孩子该项目的具体目标包括：1。按受教育程度审查婚前生育趋势 随着时间的推移，在撒哈拉以南非洲国家; 2.确定影响以下方面差异的背景因素： 按受教育程度分列的婚前生育情况。研究目的将通过分析 人口和健康调查，平均每五年进行一次具有全国代表性的调查 在撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家。该项目将借鉴20个国家的92项调查 包括199个国家以下地区，审查15至34岁妇女的婚前生育和教育趋势 出生于1965年到1994年之间为了实现第一个目标，将运行20个针对具体国家的模型， 评估受教育程度不同的妇女进行婚前生育的可能性有多大差异 随着时间的推移，在每个国家。人们的预期是，婚前生育越来越有可能在 随着时间的推移，教育水平较低的妇女，特别是在经济不平等加剧的国家。 为了实现目标2，将在一段时间内汇集全国各地的数据，以审查是否存在 国家以下一级，包括衡量经济不平等、性别不平等、城市化程度，或 理想家庭总人数影响妇女婚前生育的可能性 随着时间的推移，受教育程度的差异。人们的期望是，在以经济为标志的背景下， 在不平等或高度城市化的情况下，婚前生育在多大程度上因受教育程度不同而不同， 在性别不平等和理想家庭规模较高的情况下， 通过教育减少婚前生育。调查结果将指导政策制定，以减轻影响 对处于集中劣势环境中的母亲及其子女的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Across the global North, as economic inequality rises, premarital childbearing and single motherhood are becoming increasingly concentrated among lower-income and less-educated women, with negative consequences for their children’s health. In sub-Saharan Africa, economic inequality is also rising and family formation patterns are in flux, but we do not know if family patterns are also becoming stratified by education. The main objective of the proposed research is to examine whether premarital childbearing is becoming increasingly stratified by women’s educational attainment across sub-Saharan Africa and identify the contextual factors which help explain any increasing stratification. This is important because child born to unmarried or never married mothers in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher risk of death and poor health than children born to married mothers, and in some countries the rate of premarital childbearing is on the rise. If the proposed project finds that premarital birth is becoming concentrated among low-educated women, it will confirm the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the effects of premarital birth for disadvantaged women and their children. The specific aims of this project include: 1. Examine trends in premarital birth by education over time in countries in sub-Saharan Africa; and 2. Identify contextual factors that influence a divergence in premarital birth by educational attainment. The study aims will be achieved through the analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys conducted on average every five years across most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This project will draw on 92 surveys across 20 countries including 199 subnational regions to examine trends in premarital birth and education for women ages 15 to 34 who were born between 1965 and 1994. To achieve the first aim, 20 country-specific models will be run to assess the extent to which a women’s likelihood of having a premarital birth diverges by educational attainment over time in each country. The expectation is that premarital birth is becoming increasingly more likely among women with lower levels of education over time, particularly in countries where economic inequality is rising. To achieve aim 2, the data will be pooled across country and over time to examine whether factors at the subnational level including measures of economic inequality, gender inequality, extent of urbanization, or aggregated ideal family size influence the extent to which a women’s likelihood of having a premarital birth diverges by educational attainment over time. The expectation is that in contexts marked by economic inequality or high levels of urbanization the extent to which premarital birth diverges by education will be accentuated; and in contexts marked by gender inequality, and high ideal family size, the level of divergence in premarital birth by education will be diminished. The findings will direct policy development to mitigate impact on mothers and their children in settings of concentrated disadvantage.