Methodology and measurement for examining short-term and long-term effects of e-cigarette and polysubstance use

摘要 全国调查数据显示，大学生使用电子烟和多物质的风险很高。E- 香烟的使用模式和相关影响还没有被很好地理解，因为现有的统计方法可以 只处理常规的EMA数据，没有经过充分验证的消费衡量标准。这项研究将 通过追求以下具体目标来应对这些重大挑战：1)发展和传播统计 用于分析复杂EMA数据的方法和自由软件；2)与 对大学生人群中电子烟使用者的测量突发设计；3)分析电子烟使用者的 使用创新方法对以下子目标进行纵向EMA数据：3A)验证两个新的e- 卷烟消费措施；3b)检查自然发生的短期主观影响 同时使用电子烟和其他物质，包括可燃香烟、酒精和 大麻；和3c)审查电子烟使用模式对启动、进展和 停止使用可燃香烟、酒精和大麻；依赖症状；呼吸系统 健康；和学习成绩。这一项目将对公众健康产生重大影响，因为- 经过验证的方法和测量将使预防科学家能够更好地、自然地进行实时评估 正在发生的电子烟和多物质使用模式及其短期和长期影响。这个 EMA纵向研究的结果也将为设计和交付更有针对性的产品提供指导 大学生电子烟及多物质使用的预防与干预。 此外，拟议的工作具有很高的创新性，因为(I)拟议的统计方法可以 不仅处理常规设计，而且两种现代设计的EMA研究都是新颖的 统计和行为科学文献，并为烟草和烟草的研究量身定做 尼古丁的使用；(2)该项目将提供新的软件，使预防科学家第一次能够 有效研究物质使用模式及其长期影响；(3)拟议的创新实时和 电子烟消费的回溯性测量是基于我们的 先导研究，并可应用于未来的环境影响评估研究以及常规的纵向研究；及 拟议的EMA纵向研究和创新方法和测量的未来应用将 在药物滥用领域产生新的科学知识，使用这些知识是不可能的 目前可用的电子烟消费统计方法或测量方法。

ABSTRACT National survey data show that college students are at high risk for e-cigarette and polysubstance use. E- cigarette use patterns and associated effects are not well understood because existing statistical methods can only handle conventional EMA data and there is no well-validated consumption measure. This study will address these major challenges by pursuing the following specific aims: 1) Develop and disseminate statistical methodology and free software to analyze complex EMA data; 2) Conduct a longitudinal EMA study with the measurement burst design on a sample of e-cigarette users from the college population; and 3) Analyze the longitudinal EMA data using the innovative methodology for the following sub-aims: 3a) Validate two new e- cigarette consumption measures; 3b) Examine short-term subjective effects of naturally occurring simultaneous use of e-cigarettes and other substances including combustible cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana; and 3c) Examine long-term effects of e-cigarette use patterns on initiation, progression and cessation of combustible cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use; dependence symptomatology; respiratory health; and academic performance. This project will make significant impact on public health because the well- validated methodology and measurement will enable prevention scientists to better assess real-time, naturally occurring e-cigarette and polysubstance use patterns as well as their short-term and long-term effects. The results of the longitudinal EMA study will also provide guidance for designing and delivering more targeted prevention and intervention among college students who are involved in e-cigarette and polysubstance use. Furthermore, the proposed work is highly innovative because (i) the proposed statistical methods that can handle not only the conventional design but also the two modern designs of EMA studies are novel in both the statistical and behavioral science literature, and are tailor-made to be useful in research on tobacco and nicotine use; (ii) this project will provide new software to allow prevention scientists, for the first time, to effectively study substance use patterns and their long-term effects; (iii) the proposed innovative real-time and retrospective measures of e-cigarette consumption are based on both quantitative and qualitative data in our pilot study and can be applied to future EMA studies as well as conventional longitudinal studies; and (iv) the proposed longitudinal EMA study and future applications of the innovative methodology and measurement will produce new scientific knowledge in the substance abuse field that would be impossible to obtain using currently available statistical methods or measurement for e-cigarette consumption.