Characterization of gingival drug delivery to improve local treatment

一项文献调查表明，对人类牙龈对药物的屏障特性缺乏了解， 没有对其渗透性进行系统研究。这些知识对于发展 用于将药物局部递送到牙龈和周围组织的有效系统。例如，牙龈是 与牙周炎等口腔疾病有关。牙周病可导致牙齿脱落，并发症 如骨髓炎和面部蜂窝织炎，以及细菌侵入晚期患者全身健康 疾病的阶段。这些疾病影响到大约一半的50岁及以上的人口， 世界目前的疗法是诸如刮治和根规划的干预，其是侵入性的， 适度有效。现有的药物治疗包括局部药物应用和持续药物输送 用于抗菌和抗炎的局部递送的系统。局部药物递送方法不是很 由于药物在口腔和牙龈组织屏障中的稀释和快速消除而有效 用于药物渗透。持续给药系统由牙医管理，只能持续很短的时间。 持续时间（例如，最多两周）。一种方便有效的家庭局部治疗慢性 没有牙周病资料。本项目分为两个部分：基础研究， 表征牙龈的屏障特性和转化研究以开发离子电渗药物 用于牙龈组织的递送方法。离子电渗递送是一种已用于牙科的方法， 在口腔护理中尚未得到充分利用。在该项目的第一部分，目标是描述 牙龈的屏障性能，并从机理上研究牙龈离子导入药物的转运行为 交付.人类牙龈的转运屏障将在以下条件下使用模型渗透物/药物来表征： 体外被动和离子电渗条件。在该项目的第二部分，离子电渗法， 牙龈药物递送将在体外开发和测试。这包括离子电渗疗法的建设 设备和药物制剂的测试。人体屏障性能的系统表征 牙龈在这个项目将提供知识框架，为目前和未来的牙龈药物输送 问题研究离子电渗给药系统的成功开发不仅可以提供新的 方便的牙周病家庭使用方法，也可以成为其他口腔治疗的平台。 该研究项目将使本科生和研究生接触以下领域的研究： 用于药物递送、药物递送动力学和医疗器械工程的生物膜表征。

A survey of the literature indicated a lack of understanding of the barrier properties of human gingiva for drug delivery with no systematic study on its permeability. This knowledge is essential to the development of effective systems for local drug delivery to the gingiva and surrounding tissues. For example, the gingiva is involved in oral diseases such as periodontitis. Periodontal diseases can lead to tooth loss, complications such as osteomyelitis and facial cellulitis, and bacteria invasion to systemic health in patients at advanced stages of the diseases. The diseases affect approximately half of the population 50 years of age and older in the world. Current therapies are interventions such as scaling and root planning, which are invasive and moderately effective. Existing drug treatments include topical drug application and sustained drug delivery systems for local delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Topical drug delivery methods are not very effective due to the dilution and rapid elimination of the drugs in the oral cavity and the gingival tissue barrier for drug permeation. Sustained drug delivery systems are administered by a dentist and only last for a short duration (e.g., up to two weeks). A convenient and effective in-home method for local treatment of chronic periodontal diseases is not available. The present project is divided into two parts: basic research to characterize the barrier properties of the gingiva and translational research to develop an iontophoretic drug delivery method for the gingival tissues. Iontophoretic delivery is a method that has been used in dentistry but has not been fully utilized in oral care. In the first part of the project, the objectives are to characterize the barrier properties of the gingiva and mechanistically study the transport behavior of gingival iontophoretic drug delivery. The transport barrier of human gingiva will be characterized using model permeants/drugs under passive and iontophoretic conditions in vitro. In the second part of the project, an iontophoresis method for gingival drug delivery will be developed and tested in vitro. This includes the construction of the iontophoresis device and testing of the drug formulations. The systematic characterization of the barrier properties of human gingiva in this project will provide the knowledge framework for the present and future gingival drug delivery studies. The successful development of an iontophoretic delivery system not only can provide a new convenient in-home use approach for periodontal diseases but also can be a platform for other oral treatments. The research project will expose undergraduate and graduate students to research in the areas of biomembrane characterization for drug delivery, drug delivery kinetics, and medical device engineering.