The Physiological and Relational Bases of Persistent Posttraumatic Stress in Latino Immigrant Youth

拉丁裔移民青年持续性创伤后应激的生理和关系基础

• 批准号: 9812524
• 负责人: Jeremy Bechelli
• 金额: $ 40.65万
• 依托单位: SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-05 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9812524
• 关键词: Adolescent; Affect; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Markers; Biology; Buffers; Caregivers; Central America; Child; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Disease; Environment; Extramural Activities; Family; Fibrinogen; Funding; Generations; Gills; Grant; Growth; Immigrant; Impairment; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Intercept; Intervention; Interview; Latino; Link; Longitudinal prospective study; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Mission; Modeling; Non-traditional Students; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psyche structure; Psychology; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Scientist; Secure; Security; Site; Stress; Structure; Students; Sum; Symptoms; Testing; Texas; Time; Trauma; United States National Institutes of Health; Youth; base; career; clinically significant; ethnic minority population; experience; experimental analysis; follow-up; graduate student; hands on research; health disparity; high risk population; informant; migration; novel; parental role; post-traumatic stress; programs; prospective; protective effect; protective factors; recruit; response; stress symptom; success; symposium; trauma exposure; undergraduate student

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The number of immigrant families in the U.S. has rapidly increased across the last five years, with particular growth among Latinos from Central America (USCBP, 2016). Among Latino immigrant youth, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) are a major public health concern—with our own pilot data showing that 60% of immigrant children and adolescents experience clinically significant PSS (Venta & Mercado, 2018), in contrast to less than 15% in non-immigrant groups (Foa et al., 2011). Our data indicate that the mean level of PSS is 161% - 204% higher in immigrant youth than prior estimates in non-immigrants (Venta & Mercado, 2018). Empirical and meta-analytic findings support an inflammatory hypothesis of PSS: elevations in systemic inflammatory biomarkers following trauma increase risk for persistent, impairing PSS (Gill et al., 2009). Conversely, close relationships—like those between parents and their children—have been repeatedly associated with reduced systemic inflammation (Fagundes et al., 2011). While the level of trauma exposure that immigrant children experience prior to migration represents a static risk factor for PSS, inflammatory response, in contrast, represents a dynamic risk factor that may be mitigated through close relationships, reducing likelihood of persistent PSS after migration. The broad aim of this proposal is to examine the physiological (i.e., increased inflammatory response) and relational (i.e., parent-child relationship as a buffer) bases of persistent PSS, a condition that is dramatically overrepresented in Latino immigrants. The study proposes to recruit N = 100 Latino recent immigrant families for new longitudinal research spanning twelve months. Methods assess multiple levels of analysis: an experimental task of caregiver mentalizing, a semi- structured interview of caregiver-child attachment security, self- and caregiver-reports of PSS, and a two-time point salivary test of inflammatory response. Specific Aim 1 is to test an inflammation-based hypothesis of PSS. Trauma exposure, inflammatory response (measured via saliva collected before and after a stress induction), and PSS will be assessed at baseline; PSS will be assessed again at six- and twelve-month follow- up. It is expected that trauma exposure will be associated with greater inflammation response at baseline, which, in turn, will be associated with persistent PSS. Specific Aim 2 is to examine the potential protective effects of the parent-child relationship in the inflammation-based hypothesis of PSS. Parent-child relationship factors (i.e., caregiver mentalizing and caregiver-child attachment) will be assessed at baseline and examined as moderators of the risk hypothesis posited in Aim 1. In sum, novel data collected in this study will test a physiological mechanism underlying a significant health disparity—that Latino immigrant youth are disproportionately affected by PSS— as well as test the protective role of putative intervention targets (i.e., parent-child relationships) in ameliorating risk for persistent PSS. The proposed study will enhance research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students via paid, hands-on roles in high-impact research.

项目总结/摘要 在过去的五年里，美国移民家庭的数量迅速增加，特别是 来自中美洲的拉丁美洲人的增长（USCBP，2016）。在拉丁裔移民青年中， 压力症状（PSS）是一个主要的公共卫生问题，我们自己的试点数据显示，60%的 相比之下，移民儿童和青少年经历了临床显著的PSS（Venta & Mercado，2018） 在非移民群体中低于15%（Foa等人，2011年）。我们的数据表明，PSS的平均水平是 移民青年的161%-204%高于非移民的先前估计（Venta & Mercado，2018）。 经验和荟萃分析结果支持PSS的炎症假说：全身性炎症反应升高， 创伤后的炎性生物标志物增加了持续的、损害性PSS的风险（Gill等人，2009年）。 相反，亲密的关系，如父母和孩子之间的关系， 与减少的全身炎症有关（法贡代等人，2011年）。虽然创伤暴露的程度 移民儿童在移民之前经历的症状代表了PSS的静态风险因素， 与此相反，响应代表一个动态的风险因素，可以通过密切的关系来减轻， 减少迁移后持续PSS的可能性。该提案的总体目标是审查 生理的（即，增加的炎症反应）和相关的（即，父子关系作为缓冲） 持续性PSS的基础，这种情况在拉丁美洲移民中的比例过高。研究 计划招募N = 100个拉丁裔新移民家庭进行新的纵向研究， 个月方法评估多层次的分析：照顾者心理化的实验任务，半 结构化访谈的两个孩子的依恋安全，自我和两个孩子的报告PSS，和两次 点唾液炎性反应试验。具体目标1是检验以下基于炎症的假设： PSS。创伤暴露、炎症反应（通过压力前后收集的唾液测量 诱导），并在基线时评估PSS;在6个月和12个月后再次评估PSS- 起来预计创伤暴露将与基线时更大的炎症反应相关， 这又将与持久PSS相关联。具体目标2是检查潜在的保护性 亲子关系在PSS炎症基础假说中的作用。亲子关系 因素（即，照顾者心智化和父母-儿童依恋）将在基线进行评估， 作为目标1中假设的风险假设的调节者。总之，本研究中收集的新数据将测试 生理机制下的一个显着的健康的脆弱性-拉丁美洲移民青年是 不成比例地受到PSS的影响-以及测试假定的干预目标的保护作用（即， 亲子关系）改善持续性PSS的风险。拟议的研究将加强研究 研究生和本科生通过有偿的机会，在高影响力的研究动手的角色。