Evaluating employment quality as a social determinant of health in a changing economy
在不断变化的经济中评估就业质量作为健康的社会决定因素
基本信息
- 批准号:9811795
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.09万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-09-14 至 2020-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAffectAmericanAttentionBusinessesCanadaCardiovascular DiseasesCharacteristicsChemicalsColorComplexConsensusContractsDataDimensionsEconomicsEducationEmployeeEmploymentEthnic OriginEuropeEuropeanFissuralGenderGrowthHealthImmigrantIncomeIndividualInjuryInterventionJob SatisfactionLabor UnionsLiteratureMeasurementMeasuresMental DepressionMental HealthModelingModernizationModificationNatureOccupationsOutcomePatient Self-ReportPatternPersonal SatisfactionPoliciesPoliticsPopulationPositioning AttributeProceduresPublic HealthQuality IndicatorRaceResearchRiskRoleRuralSample SizeScheduleSecureSecurityServicesSocioeconomic StatusStructureSurveysTestingTimeTypologyValidationWagesWomanWorkbasedemographicsflexibilityhealth disparityimprovedphysical conditioningpopulation healthpopulation surveypsychosocialsafety netsocialsocial health determinantssociodemographicstrendurban residence
项目摘要
Project Summary
This proposal address a major gap in our understanding of health disparities by considering the effects of
employment conditions on population health. This research is particularly important as economic, social,
technical, and political drivers are fundamentally transforming the nature and organization of work—especially
the shift away from job security toward more “flexible” and competitive employment practices. In particular,
there has been a decline in the so-called Standard Employment Relationship (SER; i.e., permanent, full-time,
regularly-scheduled work, with secure wages and benefits) and concurrent rise in non-standard employment
arrangements. Modifications in employment structures affect a significant portion of the U.S. workforce, but
disproportionately impact women, people of color, immigrants, younger workers, and lower-skilled and lower-
educated workers. Most studies of the relationship between work and health have focused on physical,
chemical, and psychosocial exposures; however, the terms and conditions of the employee-employer
relationship, identified as employment quality (EQ) characteristics, are increasingly being recognized as
important work-related determinants of health. Prior health research has struggled with the conceptualization
and measurement of EQ. While previous U.S. studies have mostly used single-dimensional approaches (e.g.,
non-permanent contracts), there is an emerging consensus that EQ should be conceived of as a
multidimensional construct. However, studies using multidimensional constructs of EQ have been restricted to
Europe and Canada, despite the fact that generalizability of European research to the U.S. context is limited
due to large differences between the respective labor markets and social safety nets. To advance the
conceptualization and measurement of EQ in the U.S., we propose to first develop a multidimensional
construct of EQ using latent class analysis (LCA). The LCA procedure will assign workers into classes based
on a set of objective indicators of employment arrangements. To operationalize EQ, we will leverage two
representative population surveys containing rich information on a broad range of employment conditions of
U.S. workers: the General Social Survey and the American Working Conditions Survey. We will then test
whether EQ is associated with workers’ health and well-being, as well as important individual- and
organizational-level characteristics. We will also examine if the distribution of EQ has changed between 2002
and 2014, and compare our results to prior European LCA studies that used similar EQ indicators. A particular
focus of this research is to examine the potential mechanisms by which EQ may contribute to population health
disparities, including by 1) characterizing the distribution of EQ across different sociodemographic groups, and
2) testing whether there is an interaction with attributes of EQ that produce differential health effects in these
groups. This work is an essential step to further elucidating the role of employment in producing health and
health disparities in complex modern economies.
项目摘要
这项建议通过考虑以下因素的影响,解决了我们对健康差距理解上的一个重大差距:
就业条件对人口健康的影响。这项研究特别重要,因为经济,社会,
技术和政治驱动因素正在从根本上改变工作的性质和组织,特别是
从就业保障转向更“灵活”和更具竞争力的就业做法。特别是,
所谓的标准雇佣关系(SER;即,永久的全职的
定期工作,工资和福利有保障),同时非正规就业增加
安排就业结构的变化影响了美国很大一部分劳动力,
不成比例地影响妇女,有色人种,移民,年轻工人,低技能和低技能的人,
受过教育的工人。大多数关于工作与健康关系的研究都集中在身体,
化学品和心理接触;然而,雇主的条款和条件
关系,确定为就业质量(EQ)特征,越来越多地被认为是
与工作有关的健康的重要决定因素。之前的健康研究一直在努力概念化
测量EQ。虽然以前的美国研究大多使用一维方法(例如,
非永久性合同),有一个正在形成的共识,即情商应被视为一种
多维结构然而,使用EQ多维结构的研究仅限于
欧洲和加拿大,尽管欧洲研究对美国背景的概括性有限
这是因为两国的劳动力市场和社会保障体系存在巨大差异。推进
EQ的概念化和测量在美国,我们建议首先建立一个多维度的
使用潜在类别分析(LCA)构建EQ。LCA程序将根据
就业安排的一套客观指标。为了实现EQ,我们将利用两个
具有代表性的人口调查,其中载有关于各种就业条件的丰富资料,
美国工人:一般社会调查和美国工作条件调查。然后我们将测试
情商是否与员工的健康和幸福有关,以及重要的个人-
组织层面的特征。我们还将研究情商的分布在2002年和2003年之间是否发生了变化
和2014年,并将我们的结果与之前使用类似EQ指标的欧洲LCA研究进行比较。特定
本研究的重点是探讨情商可能有助于人群健康的潜在机制
差异,包括1)不同社会人口群体的EQ分布特征,以及
2)测试是否存在与EQ属性的相互作用,这些属性在这些人中产生不同的健康影响。
组这项工作是进一步阐明就业在创造健康和就业机会方面的作用的一个重要步骤。
复杂的现代经济中的健康差距。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(6)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Life-course trajectories of employment quality and health in the U.S.: A multichannel sequence analysis.
- DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113327
- 发表时间:2020-11
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Eisenberg-Guyot J;Peckham T;Andrea SB;Oddo V;Seixas N;Hajat A
- 通讯作者:Hajat A
Intersectional trends in employment quality in older adults in the United States.
- DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100868
- 发表时间:2021-09
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Andrea SB;Eisenberg-Guyot J;Peckham T;Oddo VM;Hajat A
- 通讯作者:Hajat A
Association between precarious employment and BMI in the United States.
- DOI:10.1002/oby.23591
- 发表时间:2023-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality.
- DOI:10.1007/s11205-022-02907-8
- 发表时间:2022-09
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.1
- 作者:Peckham, Trevor;Flaherty, Brian;Hajat, Anjum;Fujishiro, Kaori;Jacoby, Dan;Seixas, Noah
- 通讯作者:Seixas, Noah
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