The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
视觉体验在突触和树突方向选择性机制成熟中的作用
基本信息
- 批准号:9812768
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3.98万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:3-DimensionalAction PotentialsAdultAnimalsBackBiological AssayBlindnessBrainCalciumDataDendritesDevelopmentDiseaseDistalElectrophysiology (science)ElementsExhibitsEyeFire - disastersGoalsHealthHomeoboxHumanImageInvestigationIon ChannelKnock-outKnowledgeLightLinkMeasuresMediatingMental RetardationModelingMorphologyMotionMusNeuronsOryctolagus cuniculusParalysedPathologyPharmacologyPhotic StimulationPhysiologyPopulationProcessPropertyResearchRetinaRoleSchizophreniaSensorySensory DisordersSideSignal TransductionSourceSpottingsStimulusSynapsesTestingTimeTransgenic MiceTransgenic OrganismsVisualautism spectrum disorderdark rearingdeafnessdesignexperienceexperimental studygamma-Aminobutyric Acidganglion cellinsightmouse modelneural circuitneural prosthesisneurodevelopmentneuronal cell bodypostsynapticpreventpromoterreconstructionrelating to nervous systemresponsestarburst amacrine celltranscription factortwo-photonvisual deprivation
项目摘要
- Project Summary -
The goal of this proposal is to determine the role of activity in the development of the circuits that
mediate direction selectivity in the retina. Direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) fire many action potentials
in response to light stimuli moving in a preferred direction and few action potentials to light moving in the
opposite, or null, direction. Our lab has used population calcium imaging of DSGCs, whose preferred directions
tightly cluster around the four cardinal axes of visual space, to show that depriving animals of visual experience
reduces the clustering of preferred directions. Dark-reared adult DSGCs were instead broadly distributed in
their preferred directions, similar to DSGCs tuning observed at eye opening. However, the mechanism by
which dark-rearing prevents clustering remains unknown. This prompts an investigation of the role of visual
experience in the maturation of mechanisms for the direction-selective computation.
There are two important circuit elements for direction selectivity. First, asymmetric release of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) from starburst amacrine cells dendrites confers direction selective tuning to DSGCs
through asymmetric synaptic wiring. Second, DGSC dendrites integrate inputs in a directional manner. This
second mechanism is revealed in a subtype of DSGC, the ventral-preferring DSGCs, which exhibit inhibitory-
independent directional tuning, speculated to arise from their asymmetric dendrites.
In this proposal, I explore the contribution of synaptic and dendritic mechanisms to directional tuning
across development. I focus on these ventral-preferring DSGCs to dissect the relative contributions of
asymmetric inhibition and asymmetric dendrites to directional tuning during development. Asymmetric
inhibitory input from starburst amacrine cells has been shown to establish directional tuning in DSGCs around
the time of eye-opening, by forming more synapses on the null side. As a first step towards understanding the
contribution of synaptic mechanisms for establishing directional tuning, in Aim 1, I will use electrophysiology,
pharmacology and cellular reconstructions to examine the contribution of inhibitory input on directional tuning
during development (Aim 1.1, 1.2). Next, I will test whether activity, mediated by asymmetric inhibitory input, is
necessary for establishing directional tuning and asymmetric dendrites in a mouse model where that lacks
functional GABA release in SACs (Aim 1.3). To understand the contribution of asymmetric dendrites to
inhibitory-independent tuning of DSGCs, in Aim 2, I propose to use simultaneous 2-photon calcium imaging
and visual stimulation of dendrites. I ask whether active conductances in the dendrites of DSGCs exist, and if
so, I propose to use localized pharmacological manipulations uncover the ion channels mediating these
nonlinear conductances, across development. Lastly, in Aim 3, I propose to rear animals in the dark to
examine how activity, mediated by visual experience, alters both the synaptic physiology and dendritic
computation of directional selectivity. These findings will provide key insights into how early signaling in the
retina contributes to development of functional neural circuits.
- 项目总结 -
该提案的目标是确定活动在电路开发中的作用,
调节视网膜的方向选择性。 方向选择性神经节细胞 (DSGC) 激发许多动作电位
对沿首选方向移动的光刺激做出反应,并且对沿该方向移动的光几乎没有动作电位
相反或空方向。 我们的实验室使用了 DSGC 的群体钙成像,其首选方向
紧密聚集在视觉空间的四个基本轴周围,以表明剥夺动物的视觉体验
减少首选方向的聚集。 深色饲养的成年 DSGC 广泛分布于
他们的首选方向,类似于张开眼睛时观察到的 DSGC 调谐。 然而,该机制由
黑暗饲养如何防止聚类仍然未知。 这促使人们对视觉的作用进行调查
方向选择计算机制成熟的经验。
有两个重要的电路元件用于方向选择性。 首先,伽玛-的不对称释放
来自星爆无长突细胞树突的氨基丁酸 (GABA) 赋予 DSGC 方向选择性调节
通过不对称的突触布线。 其次,DGSC 树突以定向方式整合输入。 这
第二个机制是在 DSGC 的一个亚型中揭示的,即腹侧偏好的 DSGC,它表现出抑制性
独立的方向调谐,推测是由它们的不对称树突引起的。
在这个提案中,我探索了突触和树突机制对方向调节的贡献
跨越发展。 我专注于这些腹侧偏好 DSGC 来剖析以下各项的相对贡献
不对称抑制和不对称树突在发育过程中的定向调节。 不对称
来自星爆无长突细胞的抑制输入已被证明可以在周围的 DSGC 中建立定向调节
张开眼睛的时间,通过在空侧形成更多突触。 作为理解的第一步
突触机制对建立定向调节的贡献,在目标 1 中,我将使用电生理学,
药理学和细胞重建,以检查抑制输入对方向调节的贡献
开发期间(目标 1.1、1.2)。 接下来,我将测试由不对称抑制输入介导的活动是否是
对于在小鼠模型中建立定向调节和不对称树突是必要的,而小鼠模型缺乏
SAC 中功能性 GABA 释放(目标 1.3)。 了解不对称树突对
DSGC 的抑制独立调节,在目标 2 中,我建议使用同步 2 光子钙成像
以及树突的视觉刺激。 我问 DSGC 的树突中是否存在活性电导,以及是否存在
因此,我建议使用局部药理学操作来揭示介导这些的离子通道
跨越发展的非线性电导。 最后,在目标 3 中,我建议在黑暗中饲养动物
检查由视觉体验介导的活动如何改变突触生理学和树突
方向选择性的计算。 这些发现将提供关于早期信号传导的关键见解。
视网膜有助于功能性神经回路的发育。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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会议论文数量(0)
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Malak El-Quessny其他文献
Malak El-Quessny的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Malak El-Quessny', 18)}}的其他基金
The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
视觉体验在突触和树突方向选择性机制成熟中的作用
- 批准号:
9973196 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 3.98万 - 项目类别:
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