The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
批准号:
9812768
负责人:
Malak El-Quessny
金额:
$3.98万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
关键词:
3-DimensionalAction PotentialsAdultAnimalsBackBiological AssayBlindnessBrainCalciumDataDendritesDevelopmentDiseaseDistalElectrophysiology (science)ElementsExhibitsEyeFire - disastersGoalsHealthHomeoboxHumanImageInvestigationIon ChannelKnock-outKnowledgeLightLinkMeasuresMediatingMental RetardationModelingMorphologyMotionMusNeuronsOryctolagus cuniculusParalysedPathologyPharmacologyPhotic StimulationPhysiologyPopulationProcessPropertyResearchRetinaRoleSchizophreniaSensorySensory DisordersSideSignal TransductionSourceSpottingsStimulusSynapsesTestingTimeTransgenic MiceTransgenic OrganismsVisualautism spectrum disorderdark rearingdeafnessdesignexperienceexperimental studygamma-Aminobutyric Acidganglion cellinsightmouse modelneural circuitneural prosthesisneurodevelopmentneuronal cell bodypostsynapticpreventpromoterreconstructionrelating to nervous systemresponsestarburst amacrine celltranscription factortwo-photonvisual deprivation
中文摘要
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英文摘要
- Project Summary -
The goal of this proposal is to determine the role of activity in the development of the circuits that
mediate direction selectivity in the retina. Direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) fire many action potentials
in response to light stimuli moving in a preferred direction and few action potentials to light moving in the
opposite, or null, direction. Our lab has used population calcium imaging of DSGCs, whose preferred directions
tightly cluster around the four cardinal axes of visual space, to show that depriving animals of visual experience
reduces the clustering of preferred directions. Dark-reared adult DSGCs were instead broadly distributed in
their preferred directions, similar to DSGCs tuning observed at eye opening. However, the mechanism by
which dark-rearing prevents clustering remains unknown. This prompts an investigation of the role of visual
experience in the maturation of mechanisms for the direction-selective computation.
There are two important circuit elements for direction selectivity. First, asymmetric release of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) from starburst amacrine cells dendrites confers direction selective tuning to DSGCs
through asymmetric synaptic wiring. Second, DGSC dendrites integrate inputs in a directional manner. This
second mechanism is revealed in a subtype of DSGC, the ventral-preferring DSGCs, which exhibit inhibitory-
independent directional tuning, speculated to arise from their asymmetric dendrites.
In this proposal, I explore the contribution of synaptic and dendritic mechanisms to directional tuning
across development. I focus on these ventral-preferring DSGCs to dissect the relative contributions of
asymmetric inhibition and asymmetric dendrites to directional tuning during development. Asymmetric
inhibitory input from starburst amacrine cells has been shown to establish directional tuning in DSGCs around
the time of eye-opening, by forming more synapses on the null side. As a first step towards understanding the
contribution of synaptic mechanisms for establishing directional tuning, in Aim 1, I will use electrophysiology,
pharmacology and cellular reconstructions to examine the contribution of inhibitory input on directional tuning
during development (Aim 1.1, 1.2). Next, I will test whether activity, mediated by asymmetric inhibitory input, is
necessary for establishing directional tuning and asymmetric dendrites in a mouse model where that lacks
functional GABA release in SACs (Aim 1.3). To understand the contribution of asymmetric dendrites to
inhibitory-independent tuning of DSGCs, in Aim 2, I propose to use simultaneous 2-photon calcium imaging
and visual stimulation of dendrites. I ask whether active conductances in the dendrites of DSGCs exist, and if
so, I propose to use localized pharmacological manipulations uncover the ion channels mediating these
nonlinear conductances, across development. Lastly, in Aim 3, I propose to rear animals in the dark to
examine how activity, mediated by visual experience, alters both the synaptic physiology and dendritic
computation of directional selectivity. These findings will provide key insights into how early signaling in the
retina contributes to development of functional neural circuits.
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The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
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批准号:9973196
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$3.61万
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财政年份:2018
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负责人:Malak El-Quessny
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依托单位:
海外基金