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Role of pannexin-1 hemichannels in NeuroAIDS

pannexin-1 半通道在 NeuroAIDS 中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
9271671
负责人：
Eliseo A Eugenin
金额：
$ 72.01万
依托单位：
RBHS-NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9271671
关键词：
AIDS Dementia Complex Address Adverse effects Animal Model Binding Biological Markers Brain CCR5 gene CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes CXCR4 gene Cell Adhesion Molecules Cells Central Nervous System Diseases Central Nervous System Infections Cognition Disorders Cytoplasm Data Disease Electrophysiology (science)Ethnic Origin Ethnic group Extracellular Space Functional disorder Genetic Polymorphism Goals HIV HIV Infections HIV Receptors HIV-1 Human Image Immune Immune system Impaired cognition In Vitro Individual Infection Infiltration Inflammation Inflammatory Integration Host Factors Ion Channel Ischemia Laboratories Leukocytes Life Cycle Stages Link Mediating Modeling Molecular Monkeys Nervous System Trauma Neurologic Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Pathologic Pathology Patients Peripheral Persons Pharmacology Phenotype Physiological Predisposition Prostaglandins Proteins Purinoceptor Regulation Reperfusion Therapy Reporting Role SIV Sampling Serum Signaling Molecule Stroke Study models Surface Testing Therapeutic Intervention Time Variant Viral Viral Load result Virus Diseases Virus Replication base channel blockers chemokine design differential expression experimental study humanized mouse in vivo interdisciplinary approach macrophage monocyte neuroAIDS neuroinflammation peptidomimetics prevent receptor receptor expression release factor response therapeutic target trafficking

项目摘要

Project Abstract: According to WHO and UN reports, in 2014 an estimated 34 million persons worldwide were living with HIV. In addition to compromising the immune system, HIV can also infect the CNS early during the disease, leading to devastating neurological consequences (NeuroAIDS). A growing body of evidence indicates that neurological damage in NeuroAIDS is triggered not by the active viral replication but by the transmigration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the brain and the associated neuroinflammation. While it is well established that HIV uses host-encoded proteins to facilitate viral infection, replication and transmigration into the CNS, specific host factors involved in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS are still extremely poorly understood. Our laboratory recently identified pannexin-1 channels as essential components of the HIV life cycle in immune cells as well as in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS. In particular, we and others have demonstrated that pannexin-1 channel opening facilitates multiple steps of HIV-mediated CNS compromise, including: (1) regulation of CCR5 surface aggregation and trafficking in response to HIV infection; (2) HIV entry by direct regulation of the channel opening and subsequent release of intracellular ATP, auto-activating purinergic receptors; (3) release of intracellular factors such as ATP that promote inflammation; (4) monocyte differentiation and maturation in response to chemokines and/or HIV; (5) increased expression of several adhesion molecules required for leukocytes to transmigrate across the BBB; (6) neuroinflammation. We also found that ATP compromises BBB integrity and function, and our analysis of a large number of patient samples suggests that circulating ATP may be a biomarker of CNS disease. Our preliminary data indicate that different ethnic groups carry specific pannexin-1 polymorphisms and have differential expression and opening of this channel, potentially underlying, at least in part, the observed variation in susceptibility to HIV infection and NeuroAIDS among different ethnicities. Our recent preliminary data indicate that circulating ATP concentrations and their correlation with CNS compromise are also ethnicity related. Importantly, pannexin-1 channels have excellent potential as a therapeutic target because (1) their opening can be effectively blocked in vivo using several pannexin-1 channel blockers, including a specific mimetic peptide we recently designed; and (2) these channels mostly exist in a closed state under physiological conditions, minimizing potential side effects. This proposal is designed to define the mechanisms linking pannexin-1 channel opening to HIV receptor expression, trafficking, and function (Aim 1), leukocyte differentiation and transmigration into the CNS (Aim 2), and the role of neuroinflammatory factors released through the channel in BBB and CNS function (Aim 3). Finally, in Aim 4 we will examine the role of pannexin-1 channels in two animal models. Together, these experiments will reveal the role of an important new host factor in NeuroAIDS.

项目简介: