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Sustainable Household Energy Adoption in Rwanda (SHEAR): Promoting Rural Health with Solar and Natural Gas

卢旺达可持续家庭能源采用（SHEAR）：利用太阳能和天然气促进农村健康

基本信息

批准号：
9817101
负责人：
Maggie Lynn Clark
金额：
$ 68.63万
依托单位：
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-15 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9817101
关键词：
Address Adoption Adult Africa American Biomass Blood Pressure Carbon Black Charcoal Child Climate Clinical Colorado Communities Complement Cookstove Costs and Benefits Country Data Development Economics Energy-Generating Resources Ensure Exposure to Female Gases Goals Government Growth Guidelines Health Health Benefit Heating Home environment Hour Household Household Air Pollution Human Human Rights Infrastructure Intervention Kerosene Lighting Link Measurement Measures Modeling Modernization Morbidity - disease rate Natural Gas Outcome Measure Output Participant Petroleum Planet Earth Policies Population Privatization Provider Radiation Randomized Randomized Controlled Trials Readiness Research Respiratory physiology Risk Factors Rural Rural Health Rwanda Source Technology TimeLine Universities Woman Wood material Wood stove Work World Health Organization aged anthropogenesis arm base burden of illness clinically actionable cooking cost design energy balance fine particles improved knowledge base low and middle-income countries male men mortality prevent public-private partnership recruit research study response rural area secondary endpoint solid fuel treatment arm

项目摘要

Abstract Exposure to household air pollution from the use of traditional energy sources is a top-ten risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emissions from traditional energy sources in the home create unhealthy levels of household air pollution and the issue is pervasive. Approximately 3 billion people rely on fuels like wood, charcoal, and kerosene to support needs such as cooking, heating, and lighting. Approximately 80% of the population in Rwanda uses such fuels, making exposure to household air pollution the 3rd leading contributor to the burden of disease in this country. Exposure to household air pollution is also a problem in the developed world. Nearly 30 million Americans burn solid fuels as their primary source of heating energy. Nearly 50 years of research on ‘cleaner’ household energy technologies has demonstrated only modest global impact, due to a combination of economic, cultural, and technologic barriers that prevent access to and usage of clean energy. A further limitation is that nearly all household energy interventions, to date, have focused on replacing only a single energy source (i.e., replacing just cooking, or just lighting) with a more modern technology. We propose to address these issues by conducting a randomized controlled trial that (1) focuses on total household energy (2) in a country that evinces readiness for alternative forms of energy, (3) by forming a public- private partnership to promote technological solutions that are consumer-focused and market sustainable, (4) by investigating outcome measures that are clinically actionable and strongly linked to morbidity/mortality, and (5) by developing project outputs that can inform policymakers with cost-benefit information. We hypothesize that a whole-house energy intervention (replacing all primitive forms of energy within the home with cleaner, modern forms) will produce meaningful reductions in household air pollution and health benefits in rural Rwandan homes. The randomized controlled trial will substitute traditional forms of household energy (biomass for cooking and kerosene for lighting) with solar power and liquefied petroleum gas stoves in rural Rwanda. Participants will be followed for 3 years with repeated measurements of household air pollution exposure (24-hour fine particulate matter and black carbon), energy usage, and health. Primary health endpoints will include blood pressure in adult women and men and lung-function growth in children; secondary health endpoints include blood pressure in children and lung-function change in adults. The long-term goals of this research are to increase the clinical knowledge-base on the health effects on household air pollution, to demonstrate that a whole-house energy intervention will produce meaningful household air pollution reductions and health benefits in rural Rwandan homes, to elucidate the relationship between fuel subsidy levels and household air pollution exposure, and to demonstrate that scalable solutions to the household air pollution disease burden are achievable via public-private-governmental partnerships.

摘要