Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development & cognitive aging (CATSLife)

描述（由申请人提供）：早期的影响可能会在生命过程中积累，从而影响我们衰老的程度。然而，对于年龄相关认知改变的个体差异的发育病因，我们所知相对较少。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估儿童早期因素对成人认知维持和变化的独特显著性，以及在整个发展过程中出现的近端影响和创新（遗传和环境）。我们将利用两项国际知名的行为发展研究的优势，科罗拉多收养项目（CAP）和纵向双胞胎研究（LTS），每项研究都收集了从婴儿期到成年早期数十年的认知和行为数据，并对776名收养和非收养的先证和兄弟姐妹以及824名双胞胎进行了新的评估，年龄从28-38岁不等。由此产生的科罗拉多收养/双胞胎终身行为发展和认知衰老研究（CATSLife）将是第一个在过渡到中年期间行为和认知变化病因的前瞻性纵向研究。其目的是：对1600名从出生到成年早期几乎每年进行一次研究的参与者进行一项在成年中期行为和认知变化方面的个体差异的基因敏感研究；绘制认知能力成长和维持的个体差异；评估和追踪对维持认知表现至关重要的测量物理因素和健康行为、生化标记和测量遗传途径；并跟踪测量可能降低、维持或提高认知能力的环境因素。CATSLife将包括对认知表现、身体功能和健康行为、基因途径（包括测量的脂质遗传变异）、突触可塑性和细胞信号传导途径（基于芯片阵列变体）、生化标记（如血清脂质）和环境测量（如参与休闲活动）的扩展评估。我们将评估身体健康和认知功能变化的病因，以及

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early influences may accumulate over the life course to impact how well we age. However, relatively little is known about the developmental etiologies of individual differences in age- related cognitive change. Thus, the primary objective of the proposed research is to assess the unique saliency of early childhood factors to adult cognitive maintenance and change versus proximal influences and innovations (genetic and environmental) that emerge across development. We will leverage the strengths of two internationally renowned studies of behavioral development, the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) and the Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS), each with decades of previously collected cognitive and behavioral data spanning infancy to early adulthood, and conduct a new assessment of 776 adoptive and non-adoptive probands and siblings and 824 twins, ranging in age from 28-38 years. The resulting Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife) will be the first prospective longitudinal study of the etiologies of behavioral and cognitive changes during the transition to middle adulthood. The aims are to: conduct a genetically sensitive study of individual differences in behavioral and cognitive change at the cusp of middle adulthood, in 1600 participants studied almost yearly from birth to early adulthood; map individual differences in growth and maintenance of cognitive abilities; evaluate and trace measured physical factors and health behaviors, biochemical markers and measured genetic pathways important to sustaining cognitive performance; and track measured environmental factors that might decrease, sustain or boost cognitive performance. The CATSLife will include expanded assessment of cognitive performance, physical functioning and health behaviors, gene pathways, including measured genetic variation in lipid, synaptic plasticity and cell-signaling paths (based on chip array variants), biochemical markers (e.g., serum lipids), and environmental measures (e.g., engagement in leisure activities). We will assess etiologies of changes in physical health and cognitive functioning, and test whether associations across domains change with age due to changes in genetic variation or self-selection of environments. Measured gene pathway sets, and environmental measures, including engagement in leisure activities and neighborhood-level variables, will be evaluated as potential factors underlying dynamics of genetic variation or environmental selection. Thus, the CATSLife will provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess prospectively the etiologies of cognitive change, and test the saliency of early childhood versus proximal influences on the genesis of cognitive decline.