Cognitive Enrichment and Aging: An Ecological Framework

认知丰富和衰老：生态框架

• 批准号: 9781557
• 负责人: ELIZABETH A L STINE-MORROW
• 金额: $ 58.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9781557
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Behavior; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Competence; Complex; Data; Dementia; Detection; Development; Ecology; Education; Effectiveness; Elderly; Environment; Epidemiology; Exercise; Experimental Designs; Growth; Health; Home environment; Human Characteristics; Impaired cognition; In Situ; Individual; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Intervention; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Life Style; Literature; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Molds; Motor; Nature; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Play; Process; Property; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Resistance; Risk; Series; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Speed; System; Tablets; Testing; Time; Training; Visuospatial; Work; active lifestyle; age effect; age related; aging population; base; cognitive ability; cognitive benefits; cognitive development; cognitive performance; cognitive skill; cognitive system; cognitive training; design; experience; experimental study; healthy aging; improved; innovation; language comprehension; literacy; mutualism; neural model; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; skills; skills training; social; social engagement; trait; translational model

Project Summary / Abstract While an intellectually active and socially integrated lifestyle shows promise for promoting cognitive resilience, the mechanisms underlying any such effects are not well understood. Importantly, the effects of cognitive training on measures of cognitive outcomes have been clearly shown to produce very narrow effects. At the same time, intelligence – and cognitive health – manifest as a “positive manifold” of correlated abilities. Thus, the scientific puzzle to be solved is how in the ecology of ordinary life this positive manifold emerges in a system that appears to be built to respond to experience very narrowly. While conventional models of intelligence have viewed the positive manifold as reflective of a latent construct, recent models of intellectual function suggest that the positive manifold may emerge out of components that reciprocally support and influence one another (“mutualism”). Such a view is also consistent with neural models suggesting that structural and functional brain networks are reorganized (even on fairly short timescales) in response to experience so as to support intelligence. Such a view implies that improvement in one component may enhance the modifiability of a related component. This has not been tested in conventional assessments of transfer that examine the effects of training on measures of function at a single time point. We propose an Ecological Model of Enrichment, in which mutualism plays a key role in synergizing cognitive resilience with aging. We test this model in a series of experiments based on a “successive-enrichment” paradigm in which we examine improvement in cognitive skills, as well as changes in structural and functional connectivity, as a function of prior training-related improvements on related skills. We instantiate this by examining interactive effects of working memory and language competence.

项目总结/摘要 虽然智力活跃和社会融合的生活方式显示出促进 认知弹性，任何这种影响的机制还没有很好地理解。 重要的是，认知训练对认知结果测量的影响已经被证实。 很明显产生的影响很小。与此同时，智力和认知 健康-表现为相关能力的“积极的多方面”。因此，科学难题 解决的问题是，在日常生活的生态学中，这个积极的流形是如何出现在一个系统中的， 似乎对经验的反应非常狭隘。虽然传统的模型 智能已经把正流形看作是一个潜在结构的反映， 的智力功能表明，积极的歧管可能出现的组成部分， 相互支持和影响（“互利主义”）。这样的观点也是一致的 神经模型表明，大脑的结构和功能网络 (even在相当短的时间尺度上）响应于经验以支持智能。这样的 一种观点意味着一个组件的改进可以增强相关组件的可修改性。 成分这一点尚未在传统的转让评估中得到检验， 训练对单个时间点功能测量的影响。我们提出一个生态 丰富模式，其中互惠在协同认知弹性中发挥关键作用 随着年龄的增长。我们在一系列基于“逐次富集”的实验中测试了这个模型 我们研究认知技能的改善以及结构性变化的范式， 和功能连接性，作为对相关技能的先前培训相关改进的函数。 我们通过研究工作记忆和语言的交互作用来例证这一点 能力。