Active Membrane for Artificial Lung Applications

用于人工肺应用的活性膜

• 批准号: 9226544
• 负责人: Sung Kwon Cho
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9226544
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Alveolar; American; Amplifiers; Area; Artificial Membranes; Biocompatible Materials; Blood; Blood Vessels; Blood capillaries; Blood flow; Blood gas; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Surgery procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Chronic Disease; Chronic lung disease; Clinical; Coagulation Process; Complex; Devices; Diffusion; Dimensions; Doctor of Philosophy; Elements; Evaluation; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Failure; Frequencies; Gases; Generations; Height; Human Resources; In Vitro; Inflammatory Response; Legal patent; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung Transplantation; Lung diseases; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Medical; Membrane; Microbubbles; Microfabrication; Modification; Molecular; Nature; Noble Gases; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oxygen; Oxygen Therapy Care; Oxygenators; Patients; Performance; Polymers; Process; Pump; Research Personnel; Respiratory physiology; Rest; Shapes; Stream; Support System; Surface; Surgeon; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Vasodilator Agents; Water; Work; artificial lung; base; biomaterial compatibility; capillary; design; heat exchanger; innovation; killings; mortality; portability; pressure; quantum; respiratory; scale up; simulation; water flow

Project Summary/Abstract Lung disease annually kills more than 3 million people worldwide and 400,000 Americans (1 out of 6 deaths). More than 235 million people worldwide and 35 million Americans are suffering from chronic lung disease. Over 200,000 American people are suffering from ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) with its mortality rate of 25 - 40%. The traditional respiratory support for ARDS is mechanical ventilation to compensate pulmonary deficiency and to support respiratory function. However, high airway pressure, high oxygen concentration and over-distention can cause many complications, possibly resulting in multi-organ failure. The medical support for the chronic disease can be oxygen therapy and pulmonary vasodilators but the long-term treatment is ultimately lung transplantation. Artificial lung technologies, which are most commonly used for cardiopulmonary bypass during open-heart surgery, have been developed and modified in order to provide respiratory support with the acute as well as chronic lung disease patients. However, the current clinical use of portable artificial lung is very limited to only extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in ICU, only supporting the respiratory needs of patients at rest. Truly portable or long-term (> days) support systems are not available with current technologies due to low gas exchange performance and biocompatibility issues. A crucially important element in artificial lung is the intervened membrane where gas (O2 and CO2) exchange occurs between gas and blood streams. The exchange mechanism is extremely slow diffusion across the streams and membrane. This proposal aims to attack the fundamental mechanism in gas exchange (diffusion) by using an innovative concept of active membrane (AM). The AM generates strong cross-streams, normal to the membrane surface, thus agitates the laminar blood stream, and eventually make a quantum leap in gas exchange. The cross-streams directly carry mass (O2-/CO2-dissolved entities) from and to the membrane orders of magnitude faster than molecular diffusion, like a conveyer belt. As a result, this system would not require such a high surface area as found in natural lungs, eventually eliminating many complex issues of scale-up fabrication and integration encountered in natural lung mimicking. Furthermore, the decreased surface area would minimize inflammatory response to the foreign surface and eventually clotting. This project will focus on proving the proposed concept of AM via in vitro blood flow testing. Detailed task plans are (1) design and optimize active membranes along with CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis; (2) microfabricate optimized AMs and integrate them in flow loops; and (3) in vitro evaluate gas exchange performance in the water/blood flow loops with hemocompatibility study. The primary innovation of this project is to develop a new class of AMs to replace existing diffusion-based transport mechanism in artificial lung. The significance of this work is to make a quantum leap in gas exchange that allows for truly portable (wearable), highly efficient, artificial lungs.

项目摘要/摘要 肺病每年导致全球300多万人和40万美国人死亡(每6人中就有1人死亡)。 全世界有超过2.35亿人和3500万美国人患有慢性肺病。 超过20万美国人患有ARDS(成人呼吸窘迫综合征)并导致死亡 税率为25%-40%。ARDS的传统呼吸支持方式是机械通气代偿。 对肺功能不全和呼吸功能有支持作用。然而，高气道压力，高氧气 注意力集中和过度膨胀会导致许多并发症，可能导致多器官衰竭。这个 对于慢性疾病的医疗支持可以是氧疗和肺血管扩张剂，但长期 最终的治疗方法是肺移植。人工肺技术，这是最常用的 在心内直视手术期间的体外循环，已经被开发和修改，以便提供 急性和慢性肺部疾病患者的呼吸支持。然而，目前临床上使用的 便携式人工肺仅限于ICU中的体外膜氧合(ECMO)，仅 支持患者休息时的呼吸需求。真正便携或长期(&gt；天)的支持系统 由于气体交换性能低和生物兼容性问题，目前的技术无法使用。 人工肺中一个至关重要的元素是气体(O2和CO2)交换的中间膜 发生在气体和血液之间。这种交换机制的扩散速度极慢。 溪流和薄膜。这一提议旨在攻击气体交换(扩散)的基本机制。 通过使用一种创新的活性膜(AM)概念。AM生成强交叉流，正常到 膜表面，从而搅动层流血流，最终在气体中实现量子飞跃 交换。横流直接携带物质(O2-/CO2-溶解的实体)进出膜 比分子扩散快几个数量级，就像传送带一样。因此，这个系统不会 需要如此高的表面积，就像在自然肺部一样，最终消除了许多复杂的 在自然肺模拟中遇到的放大制造和集成。此外，减少了 表面积将最大限度地减少对异物表面的炎症反应，最终导致凝结。 本项目将集中于通过体外血流测试来验证AM的概念。详细的任务计划 包括(1)结合CFD(计算流体力学)分析设计和优化活性膜；(2) 微制造优化的AM并将其集成在流动回路中；以及(3)体外评估气体交换 在水/血流循环中的表现与血液相容性研究。该项目的主要创新之处在于 目的是开发一种新型的肺泡巨噬细胞，以取代现有的基于扩散的人工肺转运机制。这个 这项工作的意义是在气体交换方面实现了巨大的飞跃，允许真正的便携(可穿戴)， 高效的人工肺。