PROCESSING STREAMS IN VISUAL CORTEX

视觉皮层中的处理流

• 批准号: 9195720
• 负责人: ANDREAS Hans BURKHALTER
• 金额: $ 38万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9195720
• 关键词: Agnosia; Anatomy; Animals; Architecture; Area; Attention; Behavior; Calcium; Cognition; Complex; Cues; Disease; Dorsal; Face; Feedback; Fragile X Syndrome; Genes; Impairment; Inherited; Knowledge; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Link; Maps; Midbrain structure; Modality; Modeling; Monitor; Motion; Mus; Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Neurons; Output; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Play; Primates; Process; Property; Quality of life; Research; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Role; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Synapses; Testing; Thalamic structure; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Weight; anatomical tracing; area striata; base; extrastriate visual cortex; imaging study; improved; insight; neural circuit; object recognition; public health relevance; receptive field; response; spatiotemporal; tool; visual information; visual neuroscience

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual system is used for object recognition and visually guided actions. These diverse functions are generated by extracting spatial contrast, motion and chromatic cues from the visual scene and sending them to specialized circuits in the midbrain and thalamus. In the cortex the parallel input channels from the lateral geniculate nucleus converge, intermix through specific connections that create new response properties, which are sorted into distinct modules that send outputs into segregated streams of interconnected areas in dorsal and ventral extrastriate cortex. Most of this knowledge derives from groundbreaking studies in primates. At present, however, it is challenging to see how it will be experimentally possible in primates to link specific molecules, neurons and synaptic circuits to particular behaviors. Such advances appear to be critical for finding treatments for visuospatial disorders and agnosias. Many experimental tools for manipulating specific circuits are available to make progress in the mouse. These new opportunities have intensified the need to develop the mouse as model for research of networks underlying object recognition and visually guided actions. The present proposal originated from the rapidly spreading recognition that the mouse visual cortex shares basic similarities with the columnar, modular, areal and hierarchical organization of processing streams in primates. The application challenges the view that mouse primary visual cortex lacks columns and systematic maps of functionally distinct modules embodied in the daisy architecture of horizontal connections. We have arrived at this perspective by first finding that mouse visual cortex contains almost a dozen distinct areas which were recently shown to be functionally specialized. Our findings suggest that these diverse cortical properties emerge from parallel geniculocortical channels, specialized for the processing of spatial detail and rapidly changing stimuli. Further, we have found that within the cortex these inputs are distributed into dorsal and ventral streams of interconnected areas. Most recently we have discovered that mouse primary visual cortex contains a systematic array of type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expressing modules, which organize geniculocortical inputs, local horizontal connections within V1 and feedback pathways from higher visual areas. Our preliminary results demonstrate that these modules are functionally specialized and are differentially connected to dorsal and ventral streams. Thus, we hypothesize that modules play a role in mixing, sorting and sending distinct information into temporal circuits for object recognition and posterior parietal networks for visually guided actions. To test this general hypothesis we propose to determine by: 1) anatomical tracing and weight analysis of the inputs and outputs of V1 modules, 2) channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping whether anatomical connections represent synaptic connections of a specific strength, and 3) single unit recordings whether modules have distinct receptive field properties.

描述(申请人提供)：视觉系统用于物体识别和视觉引导动作。这些不同的功能是通过从视觉场景中提取空间对比度、运动和颜色线索并将它们发送到中脑和丘脑的专门电路来产生的。在大脑皮质，来自外侧膝状核的平行输入通道汇聚在一起，通过特定的连接混合在一起，产生新的反应特性，这些特性被分类成不同的模块，将输出发送到背侧和腹侧纹状体外皮质相互连接的分离区域流中。这些知识大多来自对灵长类动物的开创性研究。然而，目前，在灵长类动物身上，如何在实验上将特定的分子、神经元和突触电路与特定的行为联系起来是具有挑战性的。这些进展似乎对寻找视觉空间障碍和失认症的治疗方法至关重要。许多操作特定电路的实验工具都可以用来在鼠标上取得进展。这些新的机会加剧了开发鼠标作为研究对象识别和视觉引导动作的基础网络的模型的需要。本建议源于迅速传播的认识，即小鼠视皮层与灵长类动物的柱状、模块化、区域和层次处理流组织有基本相似之处。这项应用挑战了这样一种观点，即小鼠初级视觉皮质缺乏水平连接的菊花架构中体现的功能不同模块的柱状图和系统图。我们通过首先发现老鼠的视觉皮质包含近12个不同的区域，这些区域最近被证明是功能专门化的，从而得出了这个观点。我们的发现表明，这些不同的皮质特性来自平行的膝状体皮质通道，专门用于处理空间细节和快速变化的刺激。此外，我们还发现，在大脑皮层内，这些输入被分布到相互连接的背侧和腹侧流中。最近，我们发现小鼠初级视皮层含有一组系统的2型M胆碱受体表达模块，这些模块组织膝状体皮质的输入、V1内的局部水平连接和来自高级视区的反馈通路。我们的初步结果表明，这些模块在功能上是专门化的，并与背侧和腹侧流有不同的联系。因此，我们假设模块在将不同的信息混合、分类和发送到用于物体识别的时间回路和用于视觉引导动作的后顶叶网络中发挥作用。为了验证这一一般假设，我们建议通过以下方法来确定：1)对V1模块的输入和输出进行解剖跟踪和权重分析，2)通道视紫红质辅助的电路映射是否代表特定强度的突触连接，以及3)单单位记录模块是否具有不同的感受场属性。

项目成果

Distinct balance of excitation and inhibition in an interareal feedforward and feedback circuit of mouse visual cortex.

小鼠视觉皮层区域间前馈和反馈电路中兴奋和抑制的明显平衡。

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2515-13.2013
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
• 作者: Yang,Weiguo;Carrasquillo,Yarimar;Hooks,BryanM;Nerbonne,JeanneM;Burkhalter,Andreas
• 通讯作者: Burkhalter,Andreas

A Laminar Organization for Selective Cortico-Cortical Communication.

选择性皮质皮质传播的层流组织。

• DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00071
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Frontiers in neuroanatomy
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: D'Souza RD;Burkhalter A
• 通讯作者: Burkhalter A