Evaluating the impact of SSB and nonessential food taxes in Mexico

评估墨西哥 SSB 和非必要食品税的影响

• 批准号: 9008600
• 负责人: Barry M Popkin
• 金额: $ 65.59万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-15 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9008600
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Americas; Behavior; Beverages; Body Composition; Calories; Categories; Central obesity; Child; Computer software; Country; Data; Data Collection; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary intake; Dimensions; Elasticity; Energy Intake; Evaluation; Expenditure; Face; Factor Analysis; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Food Industry; Food Packaging; France; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Government; Health; Health Food; Household; Income; Industry; Institutes; Link; Marketing; Measures; Metabolic; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Modeling; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Nutrition Labeling; Obesity; Overweight; Pattern; Population; Powder dose form; Prevalence; Price; Product Packaging; Public Health; Risk; Services; Sodium; Solid; Surveys; Taxes; Time; Total Sugar; United States; Work; age group; base; behavioral health; drinking; energy density; indexing; innovation; longitudinal analysis; non-alcoholic; nutrition; prevent; public health relevance; response; saturated fat; sugar; sweetened beverage

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): On January 1, 2014 the Mexican government instituted two taxes. One was a 1-peso-per-liter (effectively around 10% of 2013 prices) specific excise tax on any beverage (powder, concentrate or ready to drink) with added sugar that is nonalcoholic (called sugar-sweetened beverage or SSB tax). Concurrently, they instituted an 8% ad valorem tax on a wide range of nonessential foods with energy density ≥275kcal/100g targeting foods high in added sugars or solid fats (herein "nonessential food tax"). Jointly these cover 20-25% of each age grouping's daily caloric intake in Mexico. Mexico is the first country in the Americas and second country globally with a 10% or greater SSB tax (France is the other). The present proposal focuses on developing a basic understanding of the tax and the industry response in terms of pricing and price promotions and consumer's changes in purchases. Mexico and Mexican-Americans face extremely high levels of obesity, visceral fat and diabetes. Our overriding goal is to understand whether the SSB and nonessential food taxes shifted prices of both taxed and untaxed consumer packaged food/beverage products, product sizes, reformulations, and ultimately food purchases both in terms of volume and nutrients (calories, total sugars, sodium and saturated fats). We will use a combination of government and commercial household purchase data to study changes in food and beverage prices before and after the taxes, changes in food and beverage purchases, as well as overall food purchase patterns. We will use innovative software from The George Institute to collect, enter and link nutrition facts panel (NFP) and ingredient data of packaged products collected from stores across Mexico in 2014 and 2016-2018 with food purchase data from the 2012-2018 Nielsen Household Consumer Panel Service (CPS) that represents 80% of the Mexican population. Our longitudinal analysis will focus mainly on longitudinal difference-on-difference fixed and random effects models. Should we find significant changes in volume and nutrients purchased after the tax was instituted, future work will include collection data to study changes in dietary intake, body composition and risk/prevalence of key cardio metabolic problems, as well as how revenues from these taxes are spent.

 描述（申请人提供）：2014年1月1日，墨西哥政府制定了两项税收。一个是对任何添加糖的非酒精饮料（称为加糖饮料或SSB税）征收每升1比索（约为2013年价格的10%）的特定消费税。与此同时，他们对能量密度≥ 275千卡/100克的各种非必需食品征收8%的从价税，目标是添加糖或固体脂肪含量高的食品（以下简称“非必需食品税”）。这些加起来占墨西哥每个年龄组每日卡路里摄入量的20-25%。墨西哥是美洲第一个国家，也是全球第二个征收10%或更高SSB税的国家（另一个是法国）。本提案的重点是对税收和行业在定价和价格促销以及消费者购买变化方面的反应有一个基本的了解。墨西哥和墨西哥裔美国人面临着极高的肥胖、内脏脂肪和糖尿病水平。我们的首要目标是了解SSB和非必需食品税是否改变了征税和未征税的消费者包装食品/饮料产品的价格，产品尺寸，重新配方，以及最终的食品购买量和营养成分（卡路里，总糖，钠和饱和脂肪）。我们将使用政府和商业家庭购买数据的组合来研究税收前后食品和饮料价格的变化，食品和饮料购买的变化以及整体食品购买模式。我们将使用来自乔治研究所的创新软件，收集、输入并链接2014年和2016-2018年从墨西哥各地商店收集的包装产品的营养事实面板（NFP）和成分数据，以及代表80%墨西哥人口的2012-2018年尼尔森家庭消费者面板服务（CPS）的食品购买数据。我们的纵向分析将主要集中在纵向差异对差异的固定和随机效应模型。如果我们发现在征税后购买的数量和营养素发生了显着变化，未来的工作将包括收集数据，以研究饮食摄入量，身体成分和关键心脏代谢问题的风险/患病率的变化，以及这些税收的收入如何支出。