The role of context in sleep-related memory reactivation in humans

环境在人类睡眠相关记忆重新激活中的作用

• 批准号: 10308497
• 负责人: Eitan Schechtman-Drayman
• 金额: $ 9.31万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-01 至 2022-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10308497
• 关键词: Animals; Applied Research; Auditory; Award; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Clinical; Cognition; Communities; Complement; Comprehension; Computer Models; Computing Methodologies; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Equipment; Event; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Individual; Infrastructure; Intervention; Learning; Life; Link; Literature; Memory; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Molds; Multivariate Analysis; Nature; Network-based; Neurocognitive; Neurons; Odors; Participant; Pattern; Phase; Play; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Prognosis; Research; Retrieval; Role; Semantics; Sleep; Stimulus; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Training; Training Support; Translational Research; Trauma; Universities; Vacuum; Work; arm; base; career; clinically relevant; cognitive neuroscience; design; experience; experimental study; human model; improved; magnetic resonance imaging/electroencephalography; memory consolidation; memory process; neural patterning; outreach; relating to nervous system; skills; sound; spatiotemporal

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Sleep is crucial for memory consolidation and its benefit is most commonly thought to occur via the reactivation of memories, thereby strengthening the neural infrastructure supporting them. Theoretical accounts of sleep- related consolidation focus on the process by which memories are independently strengthened, but in natural settings individual memories never exist in a vacuum. Importantly, the context in which memories are embedded during encoding governs retrieval and decision making behavior. However, context’s role in consolidation has not been directly explored. The goal of the proposed project is to improve our fundamental understanding of memory processes by developing an empirically-based framework unifying models of context’s effect on memory and models of sleep-related consolidation (Aim 1; Experiments 1–3). Additionally, the framework may support translational interventions to alter memories during sleep. Aim 2 (Experiments 4–5) will attempt to reinstate a suppression context during sleep to effectively weaken memories. This effort will inform future work on alleviating memory-related symptoms in clinical populations suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Whereas the proof-of-concept for both aims will be demonstrated in the K99 phase of this award, the R00 phase will serve to enhance the theoretical framework and establish external validity. Both the translational and basic-science arms of this work will continue in parallel throughout my independent career, in which I will use my fully assembled neurocognitive toolkit to explore sleep’s contribution to memory and the neural infrastructure supporting it. The main behavioral manipulation used in this proposal is targeted memory reactivation, the unobtrusive presentation of learning-related stimuli during sleep, thereby enhancing memory. Experiment 1 (K99 phase) tests whether contexts may be reactivated directly and considers the interactions between reactivation-related benefits of individual memories and contexts. Experiment 2 (K99 phase) investigates whether cues for individual memories presented during sleep reactivate the learning context in a manner that propagates to other memories contextually linked together. Experiment 3 (R00 phase) uses functional MRI pattern analysis techniques to reveal whether contexts, individual memories or both are reactivated during natural, undisturbed sleep. Experiment 4 (K99 phase) attempts to embed individual memories in a previously unrelated context during sleep: a reactivated “suppression” context (cued by an odor) will be presented with auditory cues linked to individual memories, hypothetically weakening them during sleep. Experiment 5 (R00 phase) will use a similar technique to try and alleviate distressful intrusive memories following a trauma manipulation in healthy participants. For this project, I have assembled an expert mentorship team for the K99 phase, including leaders in functional MRI pattern analysis, computational models of context and memory, and olfactory stimulation, covering the entire scope of required expertise. Northwestern University has a vibrant cognitive neuroscience community, with the required methodologies strongly represented, as well as all the needed equipment and facilities.

项目总结/摘要 睡眠对记忆巩固至关重要，其益处通常被认为是通过重新激活发生的 从而加强支持它们的神经基础设施。关于睡眠的理论解释- 相关巩固集中在记忆被独立加强的过程中，但在自然 个人记忆永远不会存在于真空中。重要的是，记忆所处的环境 在编码期间控制检索和决策行为。然而，上下文在整合中的作用 没有被直接探索过。该项目的目标是提高我们对以下问题的基本认识： 通过开发一个基于语义的框架来统一上下文对记忆的影响模型， 和睡眠相关巩固的模型（目标1;实验1-3）。此外，该框架可以支持 翻译干预来改变睡眠中的记忆。目标2（实验4-5）将试图恢复 抑制睡眠中的背景，以有效地削弱记忆。这一努力将为今后关于减轻 创伤后应激障碍患者的记忆相关症状。而 这两个目标的概念验证将在本合同的K99阶段进行，R 00阶段将用于 强化理论框架，建立外部效度。翻译和基础科学部门 这项工作将在我的独立职业生涯中继续平行进行，我将充分利用我的能力， 神经认知工具包，探索睡眠对记忆的贡献和支持它的神经基础设施。 在这个提议中使用的主要行为操纵是有针对性的记忆重新激活， 在睡眠期间呈现与学习相关的刺激，从而增强记忆。实验1（K99阶段）测试 上下文是否可以直接重新激活，并考虑与重新激活相关的好处之间的相互作用 个人记忆和背景的集合实验2（K99阶段）考察了个体的线索是否 在睡眠期间呈现的记忆以传播到其他记忆的方式重新激活学习环境 关联在一起实验3（R 00阶段）使用功能性MRI模式分析技术来揭示 在自然的、不受干扰的睡眠中，情境、个人记忆或两者都被重新激活。实验4 (K99阶段）试图在睡眠期间将个人记忆嵌入先前不相关的背景中：一个重新激活的 “抑制”背景（由气味提示）将呈现与个人记忆相关的听觉线索， 假设在睡眠中会削弱它们。实验5（R 00阶段）将使用类似的技术来尝试和 减轻健康参与者在创伤操作后的痛苦侵入记忆。 对于这个项目，我已经为K99阶段组建了一个专家指导团队，包括职能部门的领导者。 MRI模式分析，上下文和记忆的计算模型，以及嗅觉刺激，涵盖了整个 所需专业知识的范围。西北大学有一个充满活力的认知神经科学社区， 所需的方法以及所有必要的设备和设施都得到了有力的体现。