Science and Engineering for Sensors, Mechanisms, and Biomarkers of Exposures

总体：项目总结/摘要 缅因州的土著美国人和生活在马萨诸塞州的神秘河流域的人们表示， 对环境中污染物的严重关切。在这两个地方，人们都受到了负面影响， 在这两种情况下，都有环境正义社区的关注。的 洛林空军基地超级基金网站的影响，美洲原住民，和工业园区，威尔斯G&H， 奥林超级基金网站影响生活在神秘河流域（波士顿北部和东部的土地区域， 占地76平方英里，流入波士顿港的河流）。MIT-SRP带来了 工程和科学创新，以解决与我们缅因州利益相关者相关的关键问题， 马萨诸塞州。我们以问题为导向的计划围绕两个普遍存在的污染物，N-亚硝胺 （对动物致癌）和多环芳烃（对人类致癌）。这两种污染物都广泛存在于 重要的是，因为它们存在于多个超级基金站点，并且它们继续由正在进行的 今天的工业活动。麻省理工学院SRP凭借其多样化的专业知识（从工程师，化学家，生物学家 以及生物工程师）拥有工具、承诺和合作意愿， 来应对这些严重的环境健康挑战。具体而言，MIT-SRP将： 新型PAH分解产物; B）开发新型传感器技术，包括低成本智能手机， 使能的碳纳米管传感器; c）使用高保真双链共有序列测序来揭示 可以追溯到特定污染物的突变; d）揭示年龄和发育阶段如何影响 对N-亚硝基二甲胺和PAH诱导突变和癌症的易感性; e）揭示基因- 环境相互作用影响对基因组不稳定性和癌症的易感性;以及f）使用磷酸蛋白质组学 和转录组学，以揭示系统水平的分子反应，揭示潜在的机制 并产生新的疾病风险生物标志物。这些工具将为政策提供信息， 估计，并指导补救措施。我们的双向计划基于与当地 代表我们利益相关者的机构。为了最大限度地发挥我们计划的影响，我们将继续发展 我们与马萨诸塞州公共卫生部、ATSDR、EPA、NIEHS和 部落首领。嵌入在所有的麻省理工学院SRP活动是本科生的培训机会， 研究生和博士后，从而支持下一代的环境健康科学家。的 由于工程师之间的多学科合作， 生物医学研究人员、社区外展专业人员以及培训和翻译专家。此外，本发明还 将开发的技术和方法可以在超级基金各地点广泛传播 和其他地方。总之，MIT-SRP将降低风险，指导补救措施和支持 因此，对公共卫生产生直接和可衡量的影响。

Overall: Project Summary/Abstract Native Americans in Maine, and people living in the Mystic River Watershed in Massachusetts have expressed serious concerns about contaminants in their environments. In both locations, people are negatively impacted by legacy contaminants, and in both cases, there are Environmental Justice communities of concern. The Loring Air Force Base Superfund site impacts the Native Americans, and the Industri-Plex, Wells G&H, and Olin Superfund sites impact people living in the Mystic River Watershed (a land area north and east of Boston, covering 76 square miles that drains into rivers feeding into the Boston Harbor). The MIT-SRP brings engineering and scientific innovation to bear on critical problems relevant to our stakeholders in Maine and Massachusetts. Our problem-oriented program centers around two pervasive contaminants, N-nitrosamines (potently carcinogenic to animals) and PAHs (carcinogenic to people). Both of these contaminants are broadly important as they are present in multiple Superfund sites and they continue to be produced by ongoing industrial activities today. The MIT-SRP with its diverse expertise (from engineers, to chemists, to biologists and to biological engineers) has the tools, the commitment, and the willingness to collaborate, making it possible to take on these serious environmental health challenges. Specifically, the MIT-SRP will: a) identify novel PAH breakdown products; b) develop novel sensor technologies including a low cost smartphone- enabled carbon nanotube sensor; c) use high fidelity duplex consensus sequencing to reveal patterns of mutations that can be traced to specific contaminants; d) reveal how age and stage of development impact susceptibility to N-nitrosodimethylamine and PAH-induced mutations and cancer; e) reveal how gene- environment interactions impact susceptibility to genomic instability and cancer; and f) use phosphoproteomics and transcriptomics to uncover systems-level molecular responses that shed light on underlying mechanisms of disease and give rise to novel biomarkers of disease risk. These tools will inform policy, enable risk estimates, and guide remediation. Our bi-directional program is based on established relationships with local agencies that represent our stakeholders. To maximize the impact of our Program, we will continue to grow our relationships with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, the ATSDR, the EPA, the NIEHS and Tribal Leaders. Embedded in all of the MIT-SRP activities are training opportunities for undergraduates, graduate students and postdocs, thus supporting the next generation of environmental health scientists. The impact of the MIT-SRP is predicted to be significant, thanks to multidisciplinary collaboration among engineers, biomedical researchers, community outreach professionals, and experts in training and translation. Further, the technologies and approaches that will be developed can be broadly disseminated among Superfund sites and elsewhere. Taken together, the MIT-SRP will enable reduced risk, guidance for remediation, and support for policy decisions, thus having a direct and measurable impact on public health.