Neural mechanisms for the genesis of conceptual information

概念信息生成的神经机制

• 批准号: 9597362
• 负责人: Silvia Bernardi
• 金额: $ 19.98万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-05 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9597362
• 关键词: Acute; Advanced Development; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Code; Cognition; Concept Formation; Conceptual Entity; Cues; Data; Distress; Electrodes; Emotional; Emotions; Episodic memory; Event; Feeling; Future; Generations; Goals; Grant; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Learning; Link; Macaca; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Motivation; Neurons; Nightmare; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Plant Roots; Play; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Property; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Psychiatry; Psychological reinforcement; Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Reversal Learning; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Trauma; Update; Visual Pathways; Work; classical conditioning; designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs; emotional behavior; entorhinal cortex; experience; inferotemporal cortex; information processing; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; novel; paired stimuli; patient population; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; statistics; visual stimulus

Memories and their emotional meaning can be the root-cause of many psychiatric diseases. For example, post-traumatic stress disorder is a quintessential `memory illness;' intrusive emotional memories constitute a core symptom that leads to intense and prolonged distress, nightmares, and flashbacks. But other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, present memory impairment: events are preferentially remembered as negative, or negative memories are preferentially accessible to recall. Humans are capable of high-level associative processes and abstract thinking. We form memories not only of objects but also most importantly of situations, feelings, and concepts or rules that are not necessarily sensory driven. Understanding how these types of thought processes are generated and organized in memories is key to the understanding of human cognition. The goal of the proposed research is to explore neurophysiological underpinning of conceptual memory formation and the emotional associations embedded within these conceptual memories. As two macaque monkeys learn a reversal learning task and abstract rules from it, we will record neuronal activity in hippocampus, rhinal cortices, and amygdala (Aim 1). Preliminary data shown in this grant support the involvement of these areas in the process of generation of conceptual memories. We will test the hypothesis that the temporal contiguity of events leads to a process of abstraction that underlies the formation of representations of conceptual memories (Aim 1). This hypothesis will be tested during concept formation by using analytic techniques to distinguish between the contributions of neural signals that represent the memory of events from signals that reflect a process of abstraction that generates a representation of a concept. Finally, we will use a chemogenetic approach (DREADDS) to silence rhinal cortices while recording in HPC and the amygdala. We will test the hypothesis that rhinal cortex input is necessary for the process of abstraction observed in HPC and amygdala (Aim 2). These mechanistic studies promise to provide opportunities for collaborative studies in the future that will connect this work to studies in humans, including patient populations, to understand interactions between conceptual memory formation and emotions.

记忆及其情感意义可能是许多精神病的根本原因。为了 例如，创伤后应激障碍是一种典型的“记忆疾病”；侵入性的情感 回忆构成了核心症状，导致噩梦，噩梦 和闪回。但是其他精神疾病，例如抑郁症，现在记忆 损害：事件优先记住是负面的，或者负面的记忆是 优先访问召回。人类有能力进行高级关联过程，并且 抽象思维。我们不仅形成对象的记忆，而且形成最重要的情况， 不一定是感官驱动的感觉，概念或规则。了解如何 这些类型的思维过程是生成和在记忆中组织的 了解人类认知。拟议的研究的目的是探索 神经生理学的基础概念记忆形成和情感 嵌入在这些概念记忆中的关联。当两个猕猴学习一个 逆转学习任务和抽象规则，我们将记录海马的神经元活动， Rhinal Cortices和Amygdala（AIM 1）。本赠款中显示的初步数据支持 这些领域参与产生概念记忆的过程。我们将测试 事件的时间连续性导致抽象过程的假说 构成了概念记忆的表示形式（AIM 1）。这个假设将会 在概念形成期间通过使用分析技术来区分 神经信号的贡献代表了事件的记忆，这些事件来自信号，反映了 产生概念表示的抽象过程。最后，我们将使用 在HPC记录时，化学发生方法（Dreadds）默默rhinal Cortices静音 杏仁核。我们将检验以下假设：鼻皮层输入对于 在HPC和杏仁核中观察到的抽象（AIM 2）。这些机械研究有望 为将来的协作研究提供机会，将这项工作与研究联系起来 在人类中，包括患者人群，以了解概念之间的互动 记忆形成和情感。