Assessment of Risk of Exposure to Estrogenic Chemicals via Capsule Coffee Consumption

项目摘要 尽管在咖啡提取物溶液中可能存在雌激素化学沥滤物， 胶囊咖啡，这些产品的市场份额在过去几年中迅速增长。的 胶囊咖啡品牌声称胶囊不含双酚A（BPA）。然而，最近的一系列研究表明， 我们的研究团队证明，不含BPA并不意味着它们不含雌激素化学物质。 （EC）。此外，虽然接触这些化学品的水平可能很低， 长期习惯性饮用胶囊咖啡的影响仍有待研究。然而，没有研究 通过使用胶囊咖啡来评估这些化学物质的暴露水平 产品.此外，关于其对人类健康影响的研究也很缺乏。因此，为了确保安全或 与使用胶囊咖啡相关的可接受风险，重要的是进行研究， 基于综合残差，系统评价胶囊咖啡消费的健康风险 化学分析、雌激素细胞试验和人体风险暴露研究。 本研究旨在评估通过使用咖啡胶囊暴露于EC的风险。我们的中央 这项工作的假设是，胶囊咖啡的消费增加了暴露于EC的风险。 为了验证这一假设，我们将使用超声波对胶囊咖啡提取物进行全面的化学分析。 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测未知 潜在的EC以及食品和食品容器中常见的EC，包括BPA、BPF、BPS、Tritan 组分（对苯二甲酸二甲酯、1，4-环己烷二甲醇和2，2，4，4-四甲基-1，3- 环丁二醇）、壬基酚（NP）和邻苯二甲酸酯（邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯，DEHP，和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯， DBP）（目的1），并通过MCF-7和BG 1 Luc细胞试验测试咖啡提取物的雌激素活性（目的2）。 此外，我们将进行一项胶囊咖啡和倒咖啡的随机交叉研究（阳性 对照）提取物，以通过比较尿液中 健康志愿者摄入咖啡提取物溶液后的EC浓度（目标3）。 拟议的研究将确定和定量胶囊咖啡溶液中的EC水平，并评估 通过胶囊咖啡消费暴露于这些化学物质的风险。这项研究的结果将提供 重要和时间敏感的信息，以全面了解人体暴露于EC， 胶囊咖啡的消费量，并提供科学背景，以建立一个战略，以降低接触 通过饮食和生活方式的改变，这些化学物质的水平。

Project Summary Despite the concerns of possible estrogenic chemical leachates in coffee extract solutions made with capsule coffee, market share for these products has been rapidly growing during the past several years. The capsule coffee brands claim that the capsules are bisphenol A (BPA)-free. However, a series of recent studies by our research team demonstrated that BPA-free does not mean that they are free of estrogenic chemicals (ECs). In addition, although the exposure levels to these chemicals may be very low, the safety and health implications of long-term habitual drinking of capsule coffee remain to be investigated. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted to assess the exposure levels of these chemicals through the use of capsule coffee products. Furthermore, studies on their effects on human health are lacking. Therefore, to assure the safety or acceptable risk associated with the use of capsule coffee, it is of importance to conduct studies that systematically evaluate the health risk of the consumption of capsule coffees based on comprehensive residual chemical analysis, estrogenicity cell tests, and human risk exposure studies. This study aims to assess the risk of exposure to ECs through the use of coffee capsules. Our central hypothesis for the proposed work is that consumption of capsule coffee increases the risk of exposure to ECs. To test this hypothesis we will conduct comprehensive chemical profiling of capsule coffee extracts using ultra- performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to detect unknown potential ECs as well as ECs commonly found in foods and food containers including BPA, BPF, BPS, Tritan copolyester components (dimethyl terephthalate, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3- cyclobutanediol), nonylphenol (NP), and phthalates (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP, and di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP) (Aim 1) and test the estrogenicity of coffee extracts by MCF-7 and BG1Luc cell assays (Aim 2). Additionally, we will conduct a randomized crossover study with capsule coffee and pour-over coffee (positive control) extracts to evaluate the impact of capsule coffee consumption on exposure to ECs by comparing urinary EC concentrations after ingestion of coffee extract solutions in healthy volunteers (Aim 3). The proposed study will identify and quantitate the levels of ECs in capsule coffee solutions and evaluate the risk of exposure to these chemicals via capsule coffee consumption. Findings from this study will provide important and time-sensitive information to comprehensively understand human exposure to ECs through capsule coffee consumption and also provide scientific background to establish a strategy to lower the exposure levels to these chemicals through dietary and lifestyle modifications.