The Interplay Between Negative Emotion Differentiation and Emotion Regulation Problems in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

项目概要/摘要 创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的特征是经验，行为和心理的僵化模式。 生理情绪反应在创伤暴露后，不加选择地避免创伤- 相关的线索有助于维持PTSD，这往往是慢性的，并与无数的 有害的个人和公共健康后果。虽然僵硬的情绪反应一直是 创伤后应激障碍被认为是一个关键的维持因素，但人们对创伤暴露者如何跌倒的了解较少 这些有问题的情绪调节模式。最近的理论认为，区分 离散的负面情绪可以让个体提取与情绪相关的信息，以指导其有效利用 情绪调节策略来实现个人目标。当负面情绪被体验时， 更小的粒度，情感信息变得更不容易获得，并将人们置于适应不良的风险之中 emotion regulation.消极情绪分化（NED）尚未在回避的背景下进行研究 然而，在创伤后应激障碍中，或者与被认为有助于 包括创伤后应激障碍在内的一系列临床疾病的情绪调节问题。因此，需要一种 跨多个分析单元的综合调查，以了解NED如何赋予情绪风险 导致创伤后应激障碍的原因这项研究的目的是阐明是否 NED在PTSD中受损，并与回避和静息呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）相关- a 生理灵活性的标志-在实验室和日常生活中。该提案的目的包括确定是否 与非PTSD患者相比，PTSD患者的NED受损（目标1），NED是否与PTSD相关 自我报告的特质回避和日常创伤相关回避（目标2），以及NED是否与 与实验室和日常生活中的静息RSA（目标3）。鉴于NED被认为可以引导情绪调节 战略使用的基础上所施加的环境要求，该项目还将审查是否NED 缓和回避和PTSD之间的联系（目标4）。这些目标将使用来自一个 一项正在进行的NIH资助的研究（1 R15 MH 114142），研究对象是80名有和没有创伤的社区成员。 创伤后应激障碍创伤后应激障碍的诊断和严重程度，特质水平的回避，和静息RSA在实验室和三个评估。 每天进行生态瞬时评估和动态生理评估， 创伤相关回避、静息RSA和PTSD症状。拟议的项目将通过以下方式推进该领域 在多个分析单元中描绘NED和情绪调节问题之间的关联， 创伤后应激障碍阐明NED和情绪调节问题之间的相互作用也可以提供对以下问题的深入了解： 创伤后应激障碍的病因和维持。作为NRSA F31提案，该项目包括培训计划 包括正式的课程，研讨会，体验式学习，以及创伤后应激障碍，情绪动力学 和调节，自主心理生理学，动态评估和多层次建模。

Project Summary/Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by inflexible patterns of experiential, behavioral, and physiological emotional responding. Following trauma exposure, the indiscriminate avoidance of trauma- related cues contributes to the maintenance of PTSD, which tends to be chronic and associated with a myriad of deleterious personal and public health consequences. Although inflexible emotional responding has been identified as a critical maintenance factor for PTSD, less is understood about how trauma-exposed people fall into these problematic emotion regulation patterns. Recent theory posits that the ability to differentiate between discrete negative emotions allows individuals to extract emotion-related information to guide the effective use of emotion regulation strategies in service of personal goals. When negative emotions are experienced with less granularity, emotion information becomes less readily available and places people at risk for maladaptive emotion regulation. Negative emotion differentiation (NED) has yet to be examined in the context of avoidance in PTSD, however, or in relation to markers of physiological inflexibility that are believed to contribute to emotion regulation problems across a range of clinical disorders, including PTSD. Thus, there is a need for an integrated investigation spanning multiple units of analysis to understand how NED confers risk for emotion regulation problems known to maintain PTSD. The objective of the proposed research is to elucidate whether NED is impaired in PTSD and associated with avoidance and resting respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) – a marker of physiological flexibility – in the lab and in daily life. Aims of the proposal include determining whether NED is impaired among those with PTSD relative to those without PTSD (Aim 1), whether NED is associated with self-reported trait avoidance and daily trauma-related avoidance (Aim 2), and whether NED is associated with resting RSA in the lab and in daily life (Aim 3). Given that NED is believed to guide emotion regulation strategy use based on the demands imposed by the environment, this project will also examine whether NED moderates the links between avoidance and PTSD (Aim 4). These aims will be tested using data from an ongoing NIH-funded study (1R15MH114142) of 80 trauma-exposed community members with and without PTSD. PTSD diagnosis and severity, trait-level avoidance, and resting RSA are assessed in the lab and three days of ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory physiological assessment are used to monitor daily trauma-related avoidance, resting RSA, and PTSD symptoms. The proposed project will advance the field by delineating associations between NED and emotion regulation problems across multiple units of analysis in PTSD. Elucidating the interplay between NED and emotion regulation problems may also provide insight into the etiology and maintenance of PTSD. As an NRSA F31 proposal, this project includes a training plan consisting of formal coursework, workshops, experiential learning, and mentorship in PTSD, emotion dynamics and regulation, autonomic psychophysiology, ambulatory assessment, and multilevel modeling.