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Understanding Diverging Profiles of Academic and Physical Health Outcomes in African American Youth

了解非裔美国青年学业和身体健康状况的差异

基本信息

批准号：
10467995
负责人：
EDITH CHEN
金额：
$ 68.41万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-24 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10467995
关键词：
Acceleration Address Adult African American Age Aging American Behavior Behavioral Biological Biological Markers Cardiovascular Diseases Childhood Chronic Chronic Disease Chronology Clinical Costs and Benefits DNA Methylation Data Data Set Development Discrimination Disease Disparity Drops Economics Education Endothelium Environment Epigenetic Process European Exhibits Family Family Relationship Goals Health Health behavior Hormonal Hormones Immune Imprisonment Income Individual Inflammatory Intervention Label Leukocytes Life Life Cycle Stages Literature Longitudinal Studies Low income Maps Measures Mediating Mental Health Metabolic syndrome Minority Modeling Neighborhoods Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Outcome Output Pathway interactions Pattern Persons Physiological Problem behavior Process Psyche structure Race Research Risk Schools Self-control as a personality trait Skin Social Network Stress Subgroup Surface System Testing Time Vasodilation Work Youth allostatic load burden of illness cardiometabolism cardiovascular risk factor cohort college coping cost diabetes risk disorder risk economic disparity endothelial dysfunction expectation experience health disparity help-seeking behavior high risk high school interest longitudinal design low socioeconomic status lower income families minority children peer perceived discrimination physical conditioning prevent preventive intervention primary outcome promote resilience psychologic psychosocial public health relevance racial disparity recruit resilience risk stratification secondary outcome skin organogenesis stressor success

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Across the lifecourse, there are pronounced racial and economic disparities in important life outcomes in America, ranging from educational attainment to incarceration rates to physical health. Nonetheless, a substantial minority of African American youth who grow up under economic hardship achieves positive outcomes, a phenomenon termed resilience. Our research has recently revealed a paradox in the resilience literature. This literature often assumes that if at-risk youth manage to thrive in terms of observable behaviors, such as making it to college, then they have avoided the consequences of adversity. In contrast, we have identified a subgroup of youth who appear resilient on the surface via academic and behavioral indicators, but `under the skin' display signs of compromised physical health, such as higher risk of diabetes and higher scores on allostatic load (a multi-system indicator of chronic disease risk). These findings suggest that the same factors that help youth to succeed academically and psychosocially may be exacting a toll on them physically, resulting in resilience that is only `skin-deep.' Here we propose a project that will clarify why skin- deep resilience develops, when in development it emerges, and whether early-warning signs can be detected. We will recruit 450 African American youth from low-income families ages 14-19. They will be assessed at baseline and 1 and 2 years later, in the context of an accelerated longitudinal design (ALD). The first aim is to identify individual psychological and social network factors that contribute to skin-deep resilience, such as high levels of self-control that may promote academic success but have physiological costs, as well as a lack of belonging or experiences of discrimination with peers in academic environments among skin-deep resilient youth. The second aim is to create biological risk profiles that can function as early warning signs of developing health problems in African American youth. To that end, we will collect in-depth measures of stress hormone output, inflammatory activity, and epigenetic aging over a 2-year period, and test these markers' ability to predict subsequent cardiovascular risk, including metabolic syndrome (primary outcome) and flow- mediated vasodilation (an indicator of endothelial dysfunction; secondary outcome). The third aim is to determine when skin-deep resilience emerges and to characterize its developmental trajectory. To that end, we will use the accelerated longitudinal design to map skin-deep resilience, and its academic, psychosocial, and biological features across the high school and college years. Through this work, we will identify psychosocial targets for intervention, pinpoint optimal development windows for intervention, and highlight biological early warning signs, with the ultimate goal of preventing the emergence of chronic health conditions in low-income minority youth who are otherwise on a track to successful life outcomes.

项目总结在整个生命过程中，在重要的生活结果上存在明显的种族和经济差异美国，从教育程度到监禁率到身体健康。尽管如此，一个在经济困难中长大的非洲裔美国青年中有相当一部分取得了积极的成就结果，这种现象被称为复原力。我们的研究最近揭示了弹性中的一个悖论文学。这篇文献经常假设，如果高危青年能够在可观察到的行为方面茁壮成长，比如考上大学，那么他们就避免了逆境的后果。相比之下，我们有通过学业和行为指标确定了一组表面上看起来很有弹性的年轻人，但 “皮肤下”显示出身体健康受损的迹象，如糖尿病风险更高和更高不平衡负荷得分(慢性病风险的多系统指标)。这些发现表明，帮助年轻人在学业和心理上取得成功的同样因素可能也会对他们造成不利影响身体上，导致的韧性只是“肤浅的”。在这里，我们提出一个项目，将澄清为什么皮肤- 在发展过程中，当它出现时，以及早期预警信号是否可以检测到。我们将从14-19岁的低收入家庭招募450名非洲裔美国青年。他们将会是在加速纵向设计(ALD)的背景下，在基线以及一年和两年后进行评估。这个第一个目标是确定个人心理和社会网络因素，这些因素有助于皮肤深层的弹性，例如，高水平的自控力可能会促进学业成功，但会产生生理成本，以及在肤浅的学术环境中缺乏归属感或与同龄人歧视的经历适应力强的年轻人。第二个目标是创建可以作为早期预警信号的生物风险概况在非洲裔美国青年中出现健康问题。为此，我们将收集深入的压力措施激素输出、炎症活动和表观遗传老化，并测试这些标记物的能够预测随后的心血管风险，包括代谢综合征(主要结果)和血流- 介导性血管扩张(内皮功能障碍的指标；次要结果)。第三个目标是确定皮肤深处的弹性何时出现，并描述其发展轨迹。为此，我们将使用加速的纵向设计来绘制皮肤深度的弹性图，以及它的学术、心理和社会高中和大学期间的生物学特征。通过这项工作，我们将识别心理社会干预目标，明确干预的最佳发展窗口，突出生物学早期警示标志，最终目标是防止低收入者出现慢性健康状况少数族裔青年在其他方面都走上了成功的人生道路。