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Oxytocin and Brain Reward and Stress Responses to Infant Cues in Addicted Mothers

催产素和大脑奖励以及成瘾母亲对婴儿暗示的压力反应

基本信息

批准号：
9257366
负责人：
LINDA Carol MAYES
金额：
$ 64.26万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-15 至 2021-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9257366
关键词：
Adult Affect Amygdaloid structure Area Behavior Brain Brain imaging Child Child Abuse and Neglect Childhood Chronic stress Classification Code Corpus striatum structure Cross-Over Studies Crossover Design Cues Data Depressed mood Development Developmental Process Distress Dopamine Dorsal Double-Blind Method Drug Addiction Emotional Enrollment Esthesia Face Family Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Glucocorticoids Goals Grant Habits Hypothalamic structure Individual Differences Infant Interview Investigation Knowledge Literature Maternal Behavior Medicine Modeling Mothers Motor output National Institute of Mental Health Negative Valence Neurons Neuropeptides Neurosecretory Systems Oxytocin Pathway interactions Peripheral Placebos Play Positive Valence Predisposition Prefrontal Cortex Procedures Process Public Health Randomized Recording of previous events Reporting Research Domain Criteria Rewards Risk-Taking Site Smiling Social Processes Stress Substantia nigra structure System Trauma Ventral Striatum Ventral Tegmental Area Videotape Visit Woman Work addiction behavioral response biological adaptation to stress brain circuitry brain pathway caregiving cognitive development college drug of abuse experience imaging study indexing maternal caregiving neglect novel pediatric trauma public health relevance response sensory input social trauma exposure treatment strategy

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Maternal drug addiction constitutes a major public health problem for both women and affected children, with long lasting consequences on children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Current treatment strategies tend to focus on the mother and her current addiction, rather than her relationship with her child, and developmental processes that may perpetuate the addiction problems, such as unresolved childhood attachment trauma, neglect, and chronic stress. Unlike mothers who find engaging with their own infant to be a uniquely rewarding experience, mothers with addictions may be less able to respond appropriately to their infant's cues, finding them less intrinsically rewardin or salient, and more stress provoking. Our current study has identified key areas in dopaminergic and oxytocinergic brain pathways that show a diminished functional MRI response when addicted mothers view the faces of their own vs. unknown infants, compared with non- addicted mothers. These areas include the hypothalamus, striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide with decreased peripheral levels seen in addicted mothers, is integrally involved in maternal brain and behavioral responses. When administered intranasally, our pilot data has shown enhanced activation of the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The purpose of this renewal grant is to continue and expand upon our investigation of maternal addiction, by conducting a randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled, crossover study of intranasal oxytocin on maternal brain responses. A new group of 150 mothers from our two current study sites (Baylor College of Medicine and the Yale Child Study Center) will be enrolled (75 with a history of drug addiction and 75 matched control mothers), along with their 4 to 7-month-old infants, to participate in four study visits over a two-month period. During Visit 1, mothers will complete the Adult Attachment Interview to determine their attachment classification and to identify markers of unresolved trauma. At Visit 2, a videotaped free-play assessment of mother-infant interaction (the CARE-Index), and a modified Still Face Procedure, will be conducted to assess the quality of maternal caregiving and synchrony. During the final two study visits, functional MRI will be used to compare maternal brain responses to infant face cues after receiving either intranasal oxytocin or placebo, comparing "own" vs. "unknown" happy and sad faces. We will focus on activation of, and functional connectivity between, the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala, key reward and stress related regions containing oxytocinergic neuronal connections. We will also examine factors that may moderate oxytocin's effect in the brain, including attachment classification, mother-infant synchrony, sensation-seeking or risk-taking behavior, and stress/trauma exposure. This knowledge will contribute significantly to our long-term goal of discovering novel treatment strategies for mothers who suffer from drug dependency and addiction.