An Evaluation of the Gun Shop Project: Suicide Prevention Led by the Firearms Community

项目概要/摘要 本研究探讨枪店项目（GSP）的实施和影响。 全球战略伙伴关系是社区推动的自杀预防伙伴关系， （零售商，范围和其他企业）和当地公共或社区卫生机构，旨在 在危机时期暂时减少枪支的使用。自杀率上升 在过去的二十年里增加了35%，其中一半以上是由枪支造成的。估计有三分之一 的家庭在家中拥有枪支，枪支接触是自杀的一个关键风险。虽然我们 我知道减少致命手段的使用可以有效地减少自杀，我们必须确保 这些做法影响到最脆弱的群体-火器拥有者。全球战略伙伴关系惠及这一人群 通过与火器界本身的伙伴关系和有意的信息传递。 虽然GSP在美国得到广泛实施，执行情况 没有严格的过程或结果评估。该领域还缺乏对以下方面的了解： 全球战略优先事项的有效执行做法和全球战略优先事项运作机制的明确性 影响枪支安全行为和涉及枪支的自杀。本研究旨在 通过（1）确定全球战略优先事项的执行核心组成部分;（2） 研究枪支安全行为变化的机制;（3）了解 GSPs可能对自杀结果产生的影响。 为了实现这些目标，本研究包括三个研究目标：（1）开展一项 实施过程评估，以了解模型遵守情况的变化，并确定 （2）采用单组前测后测设计和 干预前后的准实验设计，以评估科罗拉多 关于知识、态度、信念和行为的GSP，有利于枪支安全和自杀 预防;（3）使用差异中的差异准实验设计来检查 GSP实施和持续时间对各县自杀的影响。 我们召集了一个多学科和以社区为重点的专家小组， 预防火器伤害和暴力的人口健康办法，包括大学 科罗拉多暴力研究和预防中心和医学院的负责人， 科罗拉多州公共卫生和环境部，国家射击运动 基金会和科罗拉多枪支社区代表。研究结果将提前 关于让枪支社区参与预防自杀工作的科学知识， 优化社区一级减少手段和安全储存战略的执行。

Project Summary/Abstract This study examines the implementation and impact of Gun Shop Projects (GSPs). GSPs are community-driven suicide prevention partnerships between the firearms community (retailers, ranges, and other businesses) and local public or community health agencies aimed at temporarily reducing access to firearms during times of crisis. Suicide rates have increased by 35% over the last two decades and over half are caused by firearms. An estimated one-third of households has a firearm in the home and firearm access is a key risk for suicide. While we know reducing access to lethal means can be effective in reducing suicide, we must ensure these practices reach the most vulnerable group, firearm owners. GSPs reach this population through partnership with and intentional messaging from the firearms community itself. Although GSPs are widely implemented in the U.S., implementation has occurred without rigorous process or outcome evaluations. The field also lacks an understanding of effective implementation practices of GSPs and clarity on the mechanisms by which GSPs work to impact firearm safety behaviors and suicides involving firearms. This study is designed to address these gaps by (1) identifying the implementation core components of GSPs; (2) examining the mechanisms for firearm safety behavior change; and (3) understanding the impact GSPs may have on suicide outcomes. To address these aims, the study includes three research objectives: (1) conduct an implementation process evaluation to understand variation in model adherence and to identify the GSP implementation core components; (2) Use a one group pre-test post-test design and a before and after intervention quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of the Colorado GSP on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors favorable to firearm safety and suicide prevention; and (3) use a difference in differences quasi-experimental design to examine the effects of GSP implementation and duration on suicide in counties. We have convened a multi-disciplinary and community-focused team of experts on population health approaches to firearm injury and violence prevention, including the University of Colorado’s Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence and School of Medicine, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, the National Shooting Sports Foundation, and Colorado firearms community representatives. Study results will advance scientific knowledge on involving the firearms community in suicide prevention efforts as a way to optimize implementation of community-level means reduction and safe storage strategies.