Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center

糖尿病影响着美国约3000万人。1型和2型糖尿病最终都是由失败引起的。 β细胞的数量和功能人类胰岛和β细胞在许多方面与啮齿类动物相似 方式，但在重要的方面也有所不同。因此，NIDDK、ADA和JDRF正在增加对以下方面的关注： 研究人类β细胞和胰岛生物学。事实上，对人类胰岛的研究对于 将啮齿动物胰岛和β细胞的重要见解转化为人类糖尿病的重大进展 研究和治疗。人类胰岛和腺病毒核心（HIAC），位于西奈山， 五年前，支持爱因斯坦-西奈糖尿病研究中心（ES-DRC）的研究基地，以及 作为追求胰岛生物学的区域研究者，特别强调人类胰岛。期间 在上一个资助周期，HIAC为50名调查人员提供了专业知识和服务，支持了41份出版物 以及22项联邦和非联邦资助的赠款。因此，我们建议扩大这些广受欢迎的 服务，并进一步加强与岛屿相关的教育、服务和技术的获取和提供， 糖尿病研究人员在纽约市地区。第一个使命是提供关键的建议、方法， 技术和基础设施，以协助研究人员使用人类胰岛进行研究，其目标是 进一步了解正常和病理生理胰岛细胞的生长和功能。第二个使命是 生成并向ES-DRC社区提供试剂和工具，包括腺病毒或慢病毒 用于基因递送目的β细胞和其他胰岛细胞类型的cDNA和shRNA的病毒载体，以研究β 细胞再生、分化、存活和功能。这些任务将通过开发 以下具体目的：1）帮助新的胰岛研究者获得人类和啮齿动物胰岛 和相关的细胞系，用于实验室驱动的研究; 2）培训学生，博士后研究员，研究人员 在设计和使用分子，细胞和生理方法，以人类和啮齿动物的技术人员 胰岛生物学和病理生理学; 3）为了使用荧光- 活化细胞分选（FACS）和/或促进使用专门的方案，腺病毒/慢病毒和 用于将基因递送至啮齿动物和人类β细胞和胰岛的转导方法， 启动研究; 4）进行专门的测定胰岛素分泌，胰岛生物能量学 和β细胞分化、增殖、存活和质量在体外和体内使用同基因、同种异体移植 或将啮齿动物/人胰岛异种移植到免疫受损的血糖正常或糖尿病小鼠模型中;和 5)协助研究者进行研究设计和数据解释，以推进实验方法， 1型和2型糖尿病中人类胰岛细胞功能和功能障碍的分子和生理基础。

Diabetes affects some 30 million people in the US. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes ultimately result from failure of beta cell mass and/or function. Human islets and beta cells are similar to their rodent counterparts in many ways, but also differ in important ways. Accordingly, the NIDDK, ADA and JDRF are increasing their focus on research in human beta cell and islet biology. Indeed, research focused on human islets is essential for translating important insights from rodent islets and beta cells into significant advances in human diabetes research and treatment. The Human Islet and Adenovirus Core (HIAC), located at Mount Sinai, was created five years ago to support the research base of the Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), as well as regional investigators pursuing islet biology, by providing special emphasis on human islets. During the previous funding cycle, the HIAC provided expertise and services to 50 investigators supporting 41 publications and 22 federally and non-federally funded grants. Consequently, we propose to expand these sought-after services and to further enhance access and availability of islet-relevant education, services and technology to diabetes researchers in the New York City region. The first mission is to provide key advice, methods, technology and infrastructure to assist investigators in the use of human islets for research, with the goal of furthering understanding of normal and pathophysiologic islet cell growth and function. The second mission is to generate, and make available to the ES-DRC community, reagents and tools including adenovirus or lentivirus viral vectors for gene delivery of cDNAs and shRNAs of interest beta cells and other islet cell types to study beta cell regeneration, differentiation, survival and function. These missions will be achieved by developing the following Specific Aims: 1) To assist new islet investigators in obtaining in accessing human and rodent islets and related cell lines for use in investigator-driven studies; 2) To train students, postdoctoral fellows, investigators and technical staff in the design and use of molecular, cellular and physiologic approaches to human and rodent islet biology and pathophysiology; 3) To provide pure populations of live human beta cells using fluorescence- activated cell sorting (FACS) and/or to facilitate the use of specialized protocols, adenovirus/lentivirus and transduction methods for gene delivery to rodent and human beta cells and islets that enhance investigator- initiated research; 4) To conduct specialized assays for the determination of insulin secretion, islet bioenergetics and beta cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and mass in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic, allotransplant or xenotransplant of rodent/human islets into immunocompromised euglycemic or diabetic mouse models; and 5) To assist investigators with study design and data interpretation to advance experimental approaches focused on the molecular and physiologic basis of human islet cell function and dysfunction in Types 1 and 2 diabetes.