Novel approaches for interrogating and manipulating synaptic function, structure and plasticity

整个中枢神经系统的突触是由神经活动通过 它们的大小、形状和分子组成的变化，要么增强，要么减弱 神经元之间的交流。突触功能的这种“可塑性”被广泛认为是 大脑中信息存储的中央机制。虽然许多形式的突触可塑性 在许多情况下，已经发现并深入研究了它们的分子机制 令人惊讶的是，几乎没有直接证据将它们与它们的认知功能联系起来 建议控制。这仍然是一个挑战，因为缺乏工具来快速和局部地 开启或关闭不同可塑性所需的生物化学和细胞生物学 实时的、活体的机制。我们正在开发新的工具来填补这一空白- 术语目标是解决我们关于突触是如何存在的知识中的根本差距 通过发育和可塑性在分子水平上进行修饰，这些修饰是如何 影响突触/回路功能，并最终影响这些机制与 重要的认知功能，如学习和记忆。

Synapses throughout the central nervous system are sculpted by neural activity through changes in their size, shape and molecular composition, which either strengthen or weaken communication between neurons. This “plasticity” in synapse function is widely viewed as the central mechanism for information storage in the brain. While many forms of synaptic plasticity have been discovered and their molecular mechanisms intensely investigated, in many cases there is surprisingly little direct evidence linking them to the cognitive functions they are proposed to control. This has remained a challenge due to a lack of tools for rapidly and locally switching on or off the requisite biochemistry and cell biology underlying different plasticity mechanisms in real time, in vivo. We are developing new tools that fill this void with the long- term goal of addressing fundamental gaps in our knowledge concerning how synapses are modified at the molecular level through development and plasticity, how these modifications influence synapse/circuit function and ultimately the relevance of these mechanisms for important cognitive functions like learning and memory.