Neural indices of online and offline states in human working memory

人类工作记忆中在线和离线状态的神经指数

• 批准号: 10414041
• 负责人: EDWARD AWH
• 金额: $ 69.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-22 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10414041
• 关键词: Achievement; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Buffers; Categories; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Cognition; Cognitive; Collaborations; Complex; Conceptions; Consensus; Cues; Data; Diagnosis; Disease; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Episodic memory; Evaluation; Event; Exhibits; Flushing; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Interruption; Intervention; Liquid substance; Logic; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mind; Modeling; Performance; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psychopathology; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Side; Signal Transduction; System; Taxonomy; Testing; Visual; Visual Fields; Work; base; clinical diagnosis; cognitive ability; cognitive function; cognitive process; cognitive system; cognitive task; efficacy evaluation; experience; follow-up; human model; indexing; insight; interest; long term memory; neuromechanism; neurotransmission; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; theories; time use; tool; virtual; visual search

PROJECT SUMMARY Visual working memory is a central cognitive system for maintaining active representations about currently relevant information. Individual differences in working memory ability reflect a core cognitive ability, as shown by robust correlations with fluid intelligence, scholastic achievement and other broad measures of intellectual function. Furthermore, working memory deficits are a signature of many prevalent mental health disorders, such as attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and depression. Thus, a detailed understanding of this system is important for understanding the cognitive effects of these disorders, and for precise assessments of the efficacy of clinical interventions. The broad goal of this proposal is to enhance our understanding of the neural signals that index storage in this online memory system, and to use those signals to refine cognitive models of human memory. A key recent discovery is that the electrophysiological signals that index storage in working memory can be divided into two distinct categories. One class of activity tracks the number of discrete “items” or objects that are stored in working memory, without regard to the specific information associated with each object. A second class of activity instead tracks the spatial positions that are currently prioritized in the visual field, without regard to the number of independent objects occupying those positions. The proposed work will pursue this insight, refining both neural and cognitive models of human working memory. Finally, while working memory plays a critical role in complex cognition, there is a clear consensus that working memory must interact with qualitatively different memory systems (e.g., long term memory) that store information “offline” or out of mind. While past work has often sought paradigms that allow a “pure” assessment of working memory or long term memory, there is a strong need for work that directly examines the dynamic collaboration between these systems. Thus, a central theme of this project will be to identify the specific factors that encourage transitions between online and offline memory states. Specifically, the proposal will follow up on past work showing that observers divide up ongoing continuous experiences into discrete “event” representations, and that the boundaries between events influence which pieces of information are integrated and segregated in memory. This project will use time-resolved electrophysiological measures of storage in working memory to determine whether event boundaries prompt the flushing of online memories to make way for information about subsequent events, even when there is adequate capacity for concurrent storage. This will provide new insight into the specific cognitive operations that determine how limited online memory capacity is deployed in complex cognitive tasks.

项目概要 视觉工作记忆是一个中央认知系统，用于维持当前的主动表征 相关信息。工作记忆能力的个体差异反映了一种核心认知能力，如图所示 通过与流体智力、学业成绩和其他广泛的智力指标的紧密相关性 功能。此外，工作记忆缺陷是许多流行的心理健康障碍的特征， 例如注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）、精神分裂症和抑郁症。于是，详细的 了解该系统对于理解这些疾病的认知影响非常重要，并且对于 准确评估临床干预措施的效果。 该提案的总体目标是增强我们对索引存储的神经信号的理解 这个在线记忆系统，并使用这些信号来完善人类记忆的认知模型。一把钥匙 最近的发现是，索引存储在工作记忆中的电生理信号可以是 分为两个不同的类别。一类活动跟踪离散“项目”的数量或 存储在工作内存中的对象，而不考虑与每个对象相关的特定信息 目的。相反，第二类活动跟踪当前优先考虑的空间位置。 视野，而不考虑占据这些位置的独立物体的数量。拟议的 工作将追求这种洞察力，完善人类工作记忆的神经和认知模型。 最后，虽然工作记忆在复杂认知中起着至关重要的作用，但有一个明确的共识： 工作记忆必须与性质不同的记忆系统（例如长期记忆）相互作用 “离线”或心不在焉地存储信息。虽然过去的工作经常寻求允许 对工作记忆或长期记忆的“纯粹”评估，强烈需要直接进行工作 检查这些系统之间的动态协作。因此，该项目的中心主题将是 确定促进在线和离线记忆状态之间转换的具体因素。 具体来说，该提案将跟进过去的工作，表明观察员将持续不断地划分 经验转化为离散的“事件”表征，并且事件之间的界限影响哪些 信息片段在内存中被整合和分离。该项目将使用时间分辨 工作记忆中存储的电生理测量以确定事件边界是否提示 刷新在线记忆，为有关后续事件的信息让路，即使有 足够的并发存储容量。这将为特定的认知操作提供新的见解 决定如何在复杂的认知任务中部署有限的在线记忆容量。