Oscillatory Measures of Number and Precision in Working Memory

工作记忆数量和精确度的振荡测量

• 批准号: 9546846
• 负责人: EDWARD AWH
• 金额: $ 87.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-22 至 2019-08-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9546846
• 关键词: Achievement; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Code; Cognition Disorders; Complex; Data; Diagnosis; Disease; Drops; Electroencephalography; Elements; Environment; Exhibits; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Interruption; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Liquid substance; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Pattern; Performance; Population; Probability; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychopathology; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Visual Perception; Work; base; behavior measurement; classical conditioning; cognitive ability; cognitive function; cognitive process; cognitive system; hemodynamics; indexing; insight; long term memory; memory encoding; memory retrieval; neuromechanism; neurotransmission; novel; public health relevance; rehearsal; relating to nervous system; theories; tool; visual information; visual memory; visual process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual working memory (WM) is a central cognitive system for maintaining active representations about objects in the environment so that they may be manipulated or acted upon. Individual differences in WM ability in healthy populations appear to reflect a core cognitive ability because they strongly predict an individual's fluid intelligenc as well as several aspects of scholastic achievement. Furthermore, WM deficits are a signature of many prevalent mental health disorders. Thus, a detailed understanding of this system is essential if we are to understand and treat psychopathologies that involve impaired cognition such as attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or schizophrenia. In addition, because of the tight link between online visual memory and basic processes for visual perception, our work will help to integrate basic knowledge about visual sensory processing (e.g., population coding of simple visual features) and online memory. One of the most fundamental attributes of WM is that it is greatly limited in capacity: capable of storing information about just a few objects at time, each with a limited level of precision. A key recent discovery is that these number and precision limits are distinct facets of WM capacity. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie these two factors that determine capacity are not currently understood. Here, we are developing neural oscillatory and hemodynamic measures that enable tracking of both between- and within-subject variations in these abilities. Specifically, our preliminary data show that the number of items held in WM is indexed on a trial-by-trial basis by desynchronization in alpha power (8-12hz) and WM precision is indexed by the dispersion of sensory population codes (quantified via novel multivariate analyses of fMRI and EEG data). The proposed research will employ psychophysics, fMRI, and EEG to measure the neural signals that track number and precision in WM. These efforts will provide new insights into the functional subdivisions of visual WM, and build clear bridges between well characterized behavioral measures of online memory ability and measures of oscillatory activity in humans. Finally, we will also examine the interactions between visual WM and visual long term memory (LTM) to determine how the contents of WM determine that which is encoded into LTM. These studies will help to characterize the role of visual WM in associative learning and clarify the roles of each system in the guidance of complex behaviors. By more precisely understanding how healthy individuals differ in WM ability and visual sensory function, we hope to develop methods and procedures that can be used to more accurately detect and characterize disease states in populations with mental health disorders, and to diagnose and quantify disorders in visually-guided behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉工作记忆（WM）是一个中央认知系统，用于维持关于环境中物体的主动表征，以便可以对其进行操纵或采取行动。健康人群中WM能力的个体差异似乎反映了核心认知能力，因为它们强烈预测个体的流体智能以及学业成绩的几个方面。此外，WM缺陷是许多流行的心理健康障碍的标志。因此，如果我们要理解和治疗涉及认知受损的精神病理学，如注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）或精神分裂症，对这个系统的详细了解是必不可少的。此外，由于在线视觉记忆和视觉感知基本过程之间的紧密联系，我们的工作将有助于整合有关视觉感官处理的基本知识（例如，简单视觉特征的群体编码）和在线记忆。WM最基本的属性之一是它的容量非常有限：一次只能存储关于几个对象的信息，每个对象的精度都有限。最近的一个关键发现是，这些数量和精度限制是WM能力的不同方面。然而，这两个决定能力的因素背后的神经机制目前还不清楚。在这里，我们正在开发神经振荡和血液动力学措施，使跟踪之间和受试者在这些能力的变化。具体来说，我们的初步数据显示，WM中包含的项目数量是通过α功率（8- 12 Hz）的去噪声化在逐个试验的基础上索引的，WM精度是通过感觉群体代码的分散度（通过fMRI和EEG数据的新的多变量分析量化）索引的。这项研究将使用心理物理学、功能磁共振成像和脑电图来测量在工作记忆中跟踪数量和精确度的神经信号。这些努力将为视觉的功能细分提供新的见解 WM，并建立明确的桥梁之间的特点行为措施的在线记忆能力和措施的振荡活动在人类。最后，我们还将研究视觉工作记忆和视觉长期记忆（LTM）之间的相互作用，以确定工作记忆的内容如何决定编码到LTM中的内容。这些研究将有助于描述视觉工作记忆在联想学习中的作用，并阐明每个系统在指导复杂行为中的作用。通过更精确地了解健康个体在WM能力和视觉感觉功能方面的差异，我们希望开发出可用于更准确地检测和表征精神健康障碍人群的疾病状态的方法和程序，并诊断和量化视觉引导行为中的疾病。